Afghanistan

• Maps (GPS)
  •     View on map
  •     View on map incl. surroundings
  •     GPS Data Download
  •     Sites in the vicinity
• Minerals (199)
  •     Mineral list (199)
  •     Detailed Mineral List (199)
  •     Mineral images
  •     Mineral images by locality
• Rocks (54)
  •     Rocks list (54)
  •     Rock images by locality
• Fossils (31)
  •     Fossils list (31)
• Localities
  •     Subsidiary localities
  •     Images from sub-localities
• Images
  •     Image reel
  •     Images from sub-localities
  •     Mineral images
  •     Mineral gallery
  •     Mineral images by locality
  •     Rock images by locality

Geologie

Älteste Einheiten vom Archaikum bis zum Unteren und Oberen Proterozoikum. Ordovizische, silurische, devonische, karbonische und permische Gesteine; triassisch bis quartärer Magmatismus

Mineralvorkommen und Lagerstätten

Russische und afghanische Wissenschaftler haben im Land 21 metallogene Zonen identifiziert; darunter 37 Erzprovinzen mit 1.428 Lagerstätten und Vorkommen. Darunter die bedeutendsten:

• Hajigak (Eisen)
• Aynak, Provinz Loghar (sedimentär) sowie Jawkhar und Darband (Kupfer)
• Kundalyan (Skarn-Hornfels Kupferlagerstätten)
• Shaida, Darra-i-Nur, Provinz Kandahar(Cu-Pb-Zn in Skarnen)
• Obatu-Shela (Bauxit, Al-Mo-W-Bi-Sn assoziiert mit Skarnen, Störungszonen und Pegmatiten)
• Kharnak und Duwalak (Quecksilber)
• Pachighram-Feld, Khanneshin-Carbonatit (REE-Mineralien, Uran, Gold-Lagerstätten)(meist in Badakhshan und Ghasni Provinzen)
• Zarkashan /Skarne), Vekadur, Ahankashan (Fluorit, Baryt, Cölestin)

Pegmatite

Die bedeutendsten Be-Li-Ta-Nb-Cs-Rb-Pegmatite mit hervorragend kristallisiertem Beryll, Turmalin, Rubin, Kunzit liegen im Gebiet von Darra-i-Pech und weiteren 12 identifizierten Pegmatitprovinzen. (darunter Jamanak, Tsamgal) Berühmt sind die weltbesten Kristalle von Lapis Lazuli, Sodalith und Afghanit bei Sar-e-Sang, Provinz Badakhshan und die Rubine von Jagdalek, Kunar.

Literatur

• Drummond, C. (1841). On the mines and mineral resources of Northern Afghanistan. Journal of the Asiat. Society Bengal, Calcutta, 1841, 10: 74-93.
• Furon, R. (1924). Les ressources minières de l'Afghanistan. Rev. Sci, Paris, 1924: 62: 313.
• Momji, G.S. and Chaikin, S.N. (1960). Iron ores of Afghanistan. Kabul, DGMS, 1960.
• Maiorov, A.N., Suderkin, A.I., and Krepoy, M.E. (1965). Report by the Survey and Prospecting Team on the results obtained in 1963-1964 at the lapis-lazuli occurrences of Afghanistan. Kabul, Rec. Off., DGMS, 1965.
• Malyarov, A.N., Suderkin, A.I., and Krepov, N.E. (1965). Report on the results of prospecting for and exloration of lapis-lazuli carried out in Afghanistan in 1963-1964. Kabul, DGMS, 1965.
• Narodniy, V.M. and Shwarkov, S.L. (1965). Report on the reslts of survey and prospecting for beryl carried out in 1963-64 in the eastern part of Afghanistan with the reserves assessment of the Darrahe Pech rare metal-bearing pegmatite deposit. Kabul, Rec. Off. DCMS, 1965.
• Khasanov, R.L., Plotnikov, G.I., Bayazitov, R.A., Zamaraev, G.N., Trifonov, A.I., and Sayapin, V.I. (1967). Report on the results of revision and assessment of copper, lead, zinc, gold occurrences carried out in 1965-1966. Kabul Rec. Off. DGMS.
• Mikhailov, K.Ya., Moraliov, V.M., Perfiliev, Yu.S., and Chalian, M.A. (1969). The bauxite potential of the Mesozoic deposits in the southern part of the Afghano-Tadjik Depression. Razvedka i okhrana nedr, No.7.
• Dronov, V.I. et al. (1970). The geology and minerals of the western part of Central Afghanistan (Report of the Herat Team on the work in 1969). Kabul, DGMS.
• Karapetov, S.S., Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F., Kotchetov, A.Ya., Semionov, Yu.G., and Gorelov, A.I. (1970). The geology and minerals of the eastern part of Central Afghanistan. Kabul, DGMS.
• Denikayev, Sh.Sh., Feoktistov, V.P., Pyzhyanov, I.V., Adjruddin, A., Narbaev, Sh.N., and Konev, Yu.M. (1971). The geology and minerals of the S part of East Afghanistan. Kabul, DGMS.
• Denikayev, Sh.Sh., Feoktistov, V.P., Pyzhyanov, I.V., Adjruddin, A.A., Narbaev, Sh.N., and Konev, Yu.M. (1971). The geology and minerals in the S part of Eastern Afghanistan (Rep. Kabul team on the work in 1970). Kabul Rec. Off. DGMS, 1971.
• Dovgal, Y.M. et al. (1971). Geology and minerals in the SE part of Central Afghanistan (Rep. survey, scale 1:200,000, carried out in 1967-1970). Kabul Rec. Off. DGMS.
• Litvinenko, K.I., Parfionov, Yu.I. (1971). Report on the results of geological prospecting for and evaluaton of mercury occurrences carried out in 1970. Kabul, DGMS.
• Litvinenko, K.I., Rul'kovsky, M.F., and Koshelev, Yu.M. (1971). Report by the Kundalyan Party on the reslts of geological prospecting for and exploration of copper occurrences carried out in 1969-1970. Kabul, DGMS.
• Chmyriov, V.M., Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F., Mirzad, S.H., Dronov, V.I., Kazikhani, A.R., Salah, A.S., and Teleshev, G.I. (1972). Mineral resources of Afghanistan (A explanatory note to the Map of Mineral Deposits and occurrences of Afghanistan, scale: 1:1,000,000), Kabul, DGMS.
• Chmyriov, V.M. et al. (1972). Mineral resources of Afghanistan. Geol.Min. Resources of Afghanistan. Print. Kabul Times, Kabul, Ed.1.
• Denikayev, Sh.Sh., Feoktistov, V.P., Rossovsky, L.N., and Adjruddin, A. (1972). The geology and minerals of the N part of East Afghanistan (Report of the Kabul party on the work in 1971). Kabul, DGMS.
• Dronov, V.I., Kalimulin, S.M., Sbortshchikov, I.M., Svezhentsov, V.P., Chistyakov, A.N., Zelensky, E.D., and Cherepov, P.C. (1972). Geology and minerals of N Afghanistan (parts of sheets 400-II and 500-I, Kaisor-Hari Rod interfluve). Kabul Rec. Off. DGMS.
• Dronov, V.I. et al. (Ed.: V.M. Chmyriov and S.H. Mirzad)(1972). Geological map of central and SW Afghanistan, scale 1:500,000. Pr. Cartogr. Inst. Kabul.
• Kafarskiy, A.K. et al. (1972). Geology and minerals of the W Hendukush and the eastern part of the Bande-Turkestan (parts of sheets 500-I, 500-II). Kabul, Rec. Off. DGMS.
• Litvinenko, K.I., Parfionov, Yu.I., and Zastoin, A.I. (1972). Report on the results of prospecting for and assessment of mercury occurrences carried out in 1971. Kabul, Rec. Off. DCMS.
• Dronov, V.I. (1973). Generalized stratigraphic columns to the Geological Map of Central and S-W Afghanistan, Scale 1:50 000. Printed Kabul Times, Kabul.
• Dronov, V.I., Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F., Kotchetkov, A.Ya., Karapetov, S.S., Kalimulin, S.M., ad Sonin, I.I. (1973). The geology and minerals of Central and SW Afghanistan. Kabul Rec. Off. DGMS.
• Gumerov, L.G. (1973.) A preliminary report on prospecting for chrisotile-asbestos carried out by the Non-Metalliferous party in 1970-1972 and on further trend of the work. Kabul, DGMS.
• Kabakov, O.N. (1973). Review of the tin occurrences of Afghanistan (Summary report by prospecting and evaluation party on the work in 1970-1972). Kabul, DGMS.
• Kononov, O.V., Slavin, V.I., and Atikulla, S. (1973). Recent volcanoes and aragonite deposits in SW Afghanistan. Thes. Rep. V knige: I Nauchno-metodicheskaya konferentsiya, Ku i. KPI. Kabul, 15-16.
• Filippov, O.I. (1974). Report on the results of prospecting and exploration for mica-muscovite in Afghanistan carried out in 1972-1974. kabul, DMS.
• Kafarskiy, A.K., Averianov, V.B., and Burel, M.P. (1974). Geology and minerals of the Afghan Pamir (a part of sheet 300-III), Kabul Rec. Off. GS.
• Kiriohek, V.S., Logatchev, V.P., and Kosarez, N.E. (1974). Report by the Rasul prospecting and exploration party on the prospecting for tin carried out in 1972-1973. Kabul, DGMS.
• Kornev, L.E. and Arvanitaki, S.E. (1974). Report on the reslts of prospecting and evaluation of mercury occurrences carried out in 1972-1973. Kabul, DGMS.
• Orlov, G.A., Sloboda, G.S., Eriomenko, C.K., Zhdan, A.V., Matveev, P.S., Gauwari, S. (1974). Report by the Jigdalek Team on prospecting for rubies in 1973-1974. Kabul, Rec. Off. DGMS.
• Chmyriov, V.M. (1975). The main features of tin mineralization in Afghanistan. Theses of reports. In: Bulletin of the 3rd Scientific Conference held in Ku and KPI, Kabul, 74-75.
• Chmyriov, V.M. and Litvinenko, K.I. (1975). Localization features of mercury mineralization in Afghanistan. Theses of reports. In: Bull. 3rd Scient. Conf. held in KU and KPI, Kabul, 75-78.
• Chmyriov, V.M. and Rossovsky, L.N. (1975.) Localization features of rare-metal pegmatite fields of Afghanisan. Theses of reports. In: Bull. 3rd Scient. Conf. held in the KU and KPI, Kabul, 72-74.
• Eriomenko, C.K., Vkhter, B.Ya., Chmyriov, V.M., and Khamidi Khabi bulah (1975). Volcanic Quaternary carbonatite complex in Afghanistan. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 223, 2 S.
• Kafarskiy, A.K., Averianov, V.B., Kolesnichenko, V.A., Burel, M.P. and Achlov, G.Sh. (1975). The geology and minerals of the W Hendukush parts of map sheets 200-II, 500-III, 500-IV). Kabul, DGMS.
• Kafarskiy, A.K., Averianov, V.B., Kolesnichenko, V.A., Burel, M.P. and Achlov, G.S. (1975). Geology and minerals of the W Badakhshan and N flanks of the W Hendukush (parts of sheets 200-II, 500-III, IV). Kabul, Rec. Off. DGMS.
• Kornev, L.E., Zhdan, A.V., Orlov, G.A., Mironov, Y.Yu., Matveev, P.S., Tsoolov, G.S., and Sliozov, V.A. (1975). Report by the Taywara and Kharnak teams on prospecting for mercury in 1973-74. Kabul Rec. Off.
• Chmyriov, V.M., Abdullah, Sh., Dronov, V.I., Kafarsky, A.Kh., Salah, A.S., and Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F. (1976). Geol. Map of Afghanistan. Abstr. Himalayan Geol. Seminar, New Delhi.
• Chmyriov, V.M., Dronov, V.I., Kafarsky, A.Kh., Salah, A.S., and Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F. (1976). Geological map of Afghanistan. 'Abstr. Himalayan Geol. Seminar', New Delhi.
• Chmyriov, V.M., Kafarsky, A.Kh., Abdullah, Sh., Dronov, V.I., and Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F. (1976). Tectonic zoning of Afghanistan. Abstr., Himalayan Geol. Seminar, New Delhi.
• Chmyriov, V.M., Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F., and Azimi, N. (1976). Ore formations of Afghanistan. Theses of reports. In: Bull. IVth Scient. Conf. held in KU and KPI, Kabul, 1976: 62-63.
• Chmyriov, V.M., Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F., Azimi, N., and Giroval, M. (1976). Metallogenic provinces of Afghanistan. Thes. Rep. V knige: IV Nauchno-metodicheskaya konferentsiya, KU i KPI, Kabul, 1976: 57-58.
• Chmyriov, V.M., Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F., Azimi, N., and Giroval, M. (1976). Metallogenic zoning of Afghanistan. Theses of reports. In: Bull. IVth Scient. Conf. held in KU and KPI, Kabul, 1976: 57-58.
• Chmyriov, V.M., Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F., and Giroval, T. (1976). Metallogenic epochs of Afghanistan. Theses of reports. In: Bull. IVth Scient. Conf. held in KU and KPI, Kabul, 1976: 61-62.
• Gumerov, L.G., Yorov, Z., Kazikhani, A. (1976). Chrisotile-asbestos deposits of Afghanistan. Izv. Ac. Sc. USS, 1976, ser. geol. No.4.
• Kotchetkov, A.Ya. (1976). Some features of metallogeny of Central and Western Afghanistan. Izv. VUZ-ov, Geologiya i Razvedka, No.4.
• Aftomov,V.A., Polvanov, A.M. (1976). Lithologo-structural features of localization of fluorite ores of the Bakhud Deposit in S Afghanistan. Bull. of the IVth Scient. Congr., Kabul; 76-77.
• Chmyriov, V.M. and Azimi, N.A. (1977). The new uranium and rare-earth mineralization type of the Mediterranean Belt (Afghanistan). Theses of reports. -In: Bull. V-th Scient. Conf. held in KU and KPI, Kabul, 55-56.
• Chmyriov, V.M. and Azimi, N.A. (1977). Telethermal mineral deposits of Afghanistan. Theses of reports. In: Bull- V-th Scient. Conf. held in KU and KPI, Kabul, 57-58.
• Chmyriov, V.M. and Azimi, N.A. (1977). The genetic types and ore formations of copper deposits of Afghanistan. Theses of reports. -In: Bull. V-th Scient. Conf. held in KU and KPI, Kabul, 5.
• Chmyriov, V.M., Azimi, N.A., Dronov, V.I., Slavin, V.I., Kafarsky, A.Kh., and Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F. (1977). The ain geological features of Afghanistan. Izv. AN SSSR. Seriya geol. (2): 29-48.
• Chmyriov, V.M., Stazhilo-Alekseev, K.F., Dronov, V.I., and Kafarsky, A.Kh. (1977). Geology and minerals of Afghanistan. Kabul Rec. Off. DGMS.
• Chmyriov, V.M. (1978). Geological features and metallogenic zoning of Afghanistan. Avtoreferat kad. Dissert., Vladivostok, 29.
• Chmyriov, V.M. (1978). Peculiarities of the geology and principles of metallogenic zoning of Afghanistan. Synopsis of thesis of candidate disertat., Vladivostok, USSR, 1978: 1-29.
• Chmyriov, V.M. et al. (1978). Map of mineral deposits and occurrences of Afghanistan. Publ. Leningrad Map Reprod. Plant at the Ministry of Geol. USSR.
• Chmyriov, V.M. et al. (1978). Map of Mineral Resources of Afghanistan, scale 1:500,000. Printed Leningrad Cartogr., Ministry of Geology, USSR.
• Abdullah, S.H., Chmyriov, V.M. (1980). Geology and mineral resources of Afghanistan; Min. of Mines and Industry.
• Wolfart, R., Wittekindt, H. (1980). Geologie von Afghanistan; Berlin (Borntraeger)
• DILLMANN (1987). Fossile Korallen aus dem Perm Afghanistans. Kurzfassung Dissert. Univ. Münster, 125: 49-50;
• United Nations (1995). Geology and Mineral Resources of Afghanistan; UN-New York, Atlas of the Min. Res. of the ESCAP Region:11, 85 S.
• Bowersox, G., Chamberlin, B.E., Gemstones of Afghanistan; Tucson; geoscience Press. 220 S. 1995.
• Sabot, B., Cheilletz, A., de Donato, P., Banks, D., Levresse, G., Barrès., O. (2000). Afghan emeralds face Colombian cousins. Chronique de la Recherche Minière, 541, 111-14.
• Sabot, B., Cheilletz, A., de Donato, P., Banks, D., Levresse, G., Barrès, O. (2001). The Panjshir-Afghanistan emerald deposits: new field and geochemical evidence for Colombian style mineralisation. EUG 2001, Strasbourg, France, S.546, Abstr.
• Ministry of Mines (2006). Afgh. Geol. Survey.
• Karine M. Renaud (2015). AFGHANISTAN. The Mineral Industry of Afghanistan. Minerals Yearbook. U.S. Dep. Interior u. U.S. Geol. Survey.

Quellenangabe

• Collector