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† Brontotheriidae
Brontotheriidae

Additional Functions

Grouping

Belong­ing to

 Gaeabionta  ⇒ Domäne: Eukaryota  ⇒ Reich: Animalia  ⇒ Mittelreich: Eumetazoa  ⇒ Klade: Triploblastica  ⇒ Klade: Nephrozoa  ⇒ Abzweig: Deuterostomia  ⇒ Stamm: Chordata  ⇒ Unterstamm: Vertebrata  ⇒ Infrastamm: Gnathostomata  ⇒ Superklasse: Tetrapoda  ⇒ Klasse: Mammalia  ⇒ Unterklasse: Theriiformes  ⇒ Infraklasse: Holotheria  ⇒ Superlegion: Trechnotheria  ⇒ Legion: Cladotheria  ⇒ Sublegion: Zatheria  ⇒ Infralegion: Tribosphenida  ⇒ Superkohorte: Theria  ⇒ Unterklasse: Eutheria  ⇒ Überordnung: Laurasiatheria  ⇒ Ordnung: Perissodactyla

Taxo­nomic seg­ment

Familie

This mentioned taxonomy is an attempt to make an conclusive assignment from the different classifications of various scientists. Because the taxonomy may change due to the latest investigative methods and other findings, our map is a guide only.

Name from

Corre­spond­ing author (Name, Year)

Marsh, 1873

Other languages

scientific

Brontotheriidae

Alternative Name

scientific

Titanotheriidae


Ref.: H. F. Osborn. 1929. Embolotherium, gen. nov., of the Ulan Gochu, Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 353:1-20

Lebenszeitraum in Million Jahren (Ma)

Start age: 50.3 Ma - End age: 23.03 Ma
Phanerozoic
(Phanerozoikum)
Cenozoic
(Känozoikum)
Paleogene
(Paläogen)
Oligocene
(Oligozän)
Eocene
(Eozän)
Chattian
(Chattium)
Rupelian
(Rupelium)
Priabonian
(Priabonium)
Bartonian
(Bartonium)
Lutetian
(Lutetium)
Ypresian
(Ypresium)
23.03
28.4
28.4
33.9
33.9
37
37
40.4
40.4
48.6
48.6
55.8

Additional data by PBDB, License: CC BY

Motility: actively mobile
Habit: ground dwelling
Environment: terrestrial
Diet:

browser
Compositon of the remains:

phosphatic

Reference- and Source indication, Literature

Next lower taxonomy level

On the same taxonomic level (siblings) (Count: 27)

Taxonomic assignment (176)

References by PBDB, License: CC BY

  • S. Li, 2018 - A new species of Brontotheriidae from the Middle Eocene of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China - Vertebrata PalAsiatica (56), 25-44 (journal article, English)
  • A. Averianov, 2018 - A new brontothere from the Eocene of South China - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (63), 189-196 (journal article, English)
  • B. Bai, 2018 - The divergence and dispersal of early perissodactyls as evidenced by early Eocene equids from Asia - Communications Biology (1), 1-10 (journal article, English)
  • M. C. Mihlbachler, 2016 - A small-bodied species of Brontotheriidae from the middle Eocene Nut Beds of the Clarno Formation, John Day Basin, Oregon - Journal of Paleontology (90), 1233-1244 (journal article, English)
  • P. Missiaen, 2011 - New Brontotheriidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the early and middle Eocene of Pakistan with implications for mammalian Paleobiogeography - Journal of Paleontology (85), 665-677 (book/book chapter, English)
  • M. C. Mihlbachler, 2011 - A new uintan horned brontothere from Wyoming and the evolution of canine size and sexual dimorphism in the Brontotheriidae (Perissodactyla: Mammalia) - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (31), 202-214 (journal article, English)
  • M. C. Mihlbachler, 2010 - Phylogenetic status of Metarhinus pater (Brontotheriidae: Perissodactyla) from Southern California and species variation in Metarhinus from the middle Eocene of North America - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (30), 1229-1244 (journal article, English)
  • B. J. Mader, 2010 - A species-level revision of the North American brontotheres Eotitanops and Palaeosyops (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) - Zootaxa (2339), 1-43 (journal article, English)
  • M. C. Mihlbachler, 2009 - A New Species of Brontotheriidae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Santiago Formation (Duchesnean, Middle Eocene) of Southern California - Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History (41), 1-36 (journal article, English)
  • B. J. Mader, 2008 - A species level revision of Bridgerian and Uintan brontotheres (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) exclusive of Palaeosyops - Zootaxa (1837), 1-85 (journal article, English)
  • M. C. Mihlbachler, 2008 - Species taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (311), 1-475 (journal article, English)
  • M. C. Mihlbachler, 2007 - Eubrontotherium clarnoensis, a new genus and species of brontothere (Brontotheriidae, Perissodactyla) from the Hancock Quarry, Clarno Formation, Wheeler County, Oregon - PaleoBios (27), 19-30 (journal article, English)
  • J. J. Hooker, 2004 - The origin of chalicotheres (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) - Palaeontology (47), 1363-1387 (journal article, English)
  • M. C. Mihlbachler, 2004 - A new brontothere (Brontotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Eocene of the Ily Basin of Kazakstan and a phylogeny of Asian ‘‘horned’’ brontotheres - American Museum Novitates (3439), 1-43 (journal article, English)
  • X.-S. Huang, 2004 - Brontotheres (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Middle Eocene of Lunan, Yunnan - Vertebrata PalAsiatica (42), 334-339 (journal article, English)
  • M. C. Mihlbachler, 2004 - The holotype specimen of Menodus giganteus, and the "insoluble" problem of Chadronian brontothere taxonomy - Paleogene Mammals. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin (26), 129-136 (book chapter, English)
  • J. G. M. Thewissen, 2001 - Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo-Pakistan - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (21), 347-366 (journal article, English)
  • B. J. Mader, 2000 - Pseudodiplacodon, a new generic name for Diplacodon progressum Peterson (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Brontotheriidae) - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (20), 164-166 (journal article, )
  • P. A. Holroyd, 2000 - Bunobrontops savagei a new genus and species of brontotheriid perissodactyl from the Eocene Pondaung fauna of Myanmar - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (20), 408-410 (journal article, English)
  • G. F. Gunnell, 2000 - Brontotheriidae (Perissodactyla) from the late early and middle Eocene (Brigerian), Wasatch and Bridger formations, southern Green River Basin, southwestern Wyoming - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (20), 349-368 (journal article, English)
  • B. J. Mader, 1998 - Brontotheriidae - Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America (1), 525-536 (book/book chapter, English)
  • T. Qi, 1998 - Nanotitanops, a new name for Nanotitan Qi and Beard, 1996, not Nanotitan Sharov, 1968 - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (18), 812- (journal article, English)
  • Y. Wang, 1997 - A new brontothere from late Middle Eocene of Qufu, Shandong - Vertebrata PalAsiatica (35), 68-77 (journal article, English)
  • T. Qi, 1996 - Nanotitan shanghuangensis, gen. et sp. nov.: The smallest known brontothere (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (16), 578-581 (journal article, English)
  • B. J. Mader, 1995 - Megacerops kuwagatarhinus n. sp., an Unusual Brontothere (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) with Distally Forked Horns - Journal of Paleontology (69), 581-587 (journal article, English)
  • Y. Wang, 1995 - A new primitive Chalicothere (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the early Eocene of Hubei, China - Vertebrata PalAsiatica (33), 138-159 (journal article, English)
  • D. R. Prothero, 1989 - Classification of the Perissodactyla - The Evolution of Perissodactyla (), 530-537 (book chapter, English)
  • B. J. Mader, 1989 - The Brontotheriidae: A Systematic Revision and Preliminary Phylogeny of North American Genera - The Evolution of Perissodactyls (), - (book/book chapter, English)
  • R. L. Carroll, 1988 - - Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution (), 1-698 (compendium, English)
  • T. Qi, 1987 - The middle Eocene Arshanto fauna (Mammalia) of Inner Mongolia - Annals of Carnegie Museum (56), 1-73 (journal article, English)
  • A. J. Kihm, 1987 - Mammalian paleontology and geology of the Yoder Member, Chadron Formation, east-central Wyoming - Dakoterra (3), 28-45 (journal article, English)
  • K. Kumar, 1985 - Eocene mammals from the upper Subathu Group, Kashmir Himalaya, India - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (5), 153-168 (journal article, English)
  • R. K. Stucky, 1984 - The Wasatchian-Bridgerian Land Mammal Age boundary (early to middle Eocene) in western North America - Annals of Carnegie Museum (53), 347-382 (journal article, )
  • J. Ye, 1983 - Mammalian Fauna from the Late Eocene of Ulan Shireh Area, Inner Mongolia - Vertebrata PalAsiatica (21), 109-118 (journal article, English)
  • S. G. Lucas, 1982 - Duchesneodus, a New Name for Some Titanotheres (Perissodactyla, Brontotheriidae) from the Late Eocene of Western North America - Journal of Paleontology (56), 1018-1023 (journal article, English)
  • R. M. West, 1980 - Middle Eocene large mammal assemblage with Tethyan affinities, Ganda Kas region, Pakistan - Journal of Paleontology (54), 508-533 (journal article, )
  • B.-y. Wang, 1978 - [Perissodactyla from the late Eocene of Lantain, Shensi] - Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology (7), 118-121 (journal article, Chinese)
  • P. R. Bjork, 1967 - Latest Eocene vertebrates from northwestern South Dakota - Journal of Paleontology (41), 227-236 (journal article, English)
  • J. Clark, 1967 - Geology, paleoecology, and paleoclimatology of the Chadron Formation - Fieldiana (5), 21-74 (journal article, )
  • P. Robinson, 1966 - Fossil Mammalia of the Huerfano Formation, Eocene, of Colorado - Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin (21), 1-95 (journal article, English)
  • Y.-X. Xu, 1962 - Early Tertiary Mammalian Fossils from Lunan, Yunnan - Vertebrata PalAsiatica (6), 313-332 (journal article, Chinese)
  • M. Chow, 1959 - A new species of Parabrontops from the Oligocene of Lunan, Yunnan - Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (7), 85-89 (journal article, Chinese)
  • R. Dehm, 1958 - Paläontologische und geologische Untersuchungen im Tertiär von Pakistan - Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathewmatisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (91), 1-54 (journal article, German)
  • J. W. Stovall, 1948 - Chadron vertebrate fossils from below the Rim Rock of Presidio County, Texas - American Journal of Science (246), 75-95 (journal article, English)
  • W. Granger, 1943 - A revision of the Mongolian titanotheres - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (80), 349-389 (journal article, English)
  • C. L. Gazin, 1942 - A new titanothere from the Eocene of Mississippi, with notes on the correlation between the marine Eocene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and continental Eocene of the Rocky Mountain Region - Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections (101), 1-13 (journal article, English)
  • W. B. Scott, 1941 - The mammalian fauna of the White River Oligocene. Part V. Perissodactyla - Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (28), 747-980 (journal article, English)
  • W. Granger, 1938 - A New Titanothere Genus From the Upper Eocene of Mongolia and North America - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (74), 435-436 (journal article, English)
  • C. Stock, 1937 - An Eocene Titanothere from San Diego County, California, with Remarks on the Age of the Poway Conglomerate - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (23), 48-53 (journal article, English)
  • C. Stock, 1936 - Titanotheres from the Titus Canyon Formation, California - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (22), 656-661 (journal article, English)
  • Y. Bonillas, 1936 - The dentition of Lambdotherium - Journal of Mammalogy (17), 139-142 (journal article, English)
  • E. M. Schlaikjer, 1935 - Contributions to the Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of the Goshen Hole Area, Wyoming. III. A New Basal Oligocene Formation - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (76), 71-93 (journal article, English)
  • C. Stock, 1935 - Titanothere Remains the Sespe of California - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (21), 456-462 (journal article, English)
  • O. A. Peterson, 1934 - New Titanotheres From the Uinta Eocene in Utah - Annals of Carnegie Museum (22), 351-361 (journal article, English)
  • O. A. Peterson, 1931 - New Species of the genus Teleodus from the upper Uinta of northeastern Utah - Annals of Carnegie Museum (20), 307-312 (journal article, )
  • H. F. Osborn, 1929 - The Titanotheres of Ancient Wyoming, Dakota, And Nebraska - United States Geological Survey Monographs (55), 1-701 (serial monograph, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1929 - Embolotherium, gen. nov., of the Ulan Gochu, Mongolia - American Museum Novitates (353), 1-20 (journal article, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1929 - New Eurasiatic and American proboscideans - American Museum Novitates (393), 1-22 (journal article, )
  • H. J. Cook, 1926 - New Eocene Titanotheres, From Moffat County, Colorado - Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History (6), 12-18 (journal article, English)
  • G. E. Pilgrim, 1925 - The Perissodactyla of the Eocene of Burma - Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India (8), 1-28 (serial monograph, )
  • H. F. Osborn, 1923 - Titanotheres and lophiodonts in Mongolia - American Museum Novitates (91), 1-5 (journal article, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1919 - New titanotheres of the Huerfano - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (41), 557-569 (journal article, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1916 - Two new Oligocene titanotheres - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (35), 1-4 (journal article, English)
  • G. E. Pilgrim, 1916 - Some newly discovered Eocene mammals from Burma - Records of the Geological Survey of India (47), 42-77 (serial monograph, )
  • O. A. Peterson, 1914 - A Small Titanothere From The Lower Uinta Beds - Annals of Carnegie Museum (9), 53-57 (journal article, English)
  • O. A. Peterson, 1914 - Correction of a generic name - (9), 220-220 (journal article, English)
  • O. A. Peterson, 1914 - A new titanothere from the Uinta Eocene - Annals of Carnegie Museum (9), 29-52 (journal article, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1914 - Recent results in the phylogeny of the titanotheres - Geological Society America Bulletin (25), 403-405 (journal article, English)
  • W. K. Gregory, 1912 - Note on the Upper Eocene Titanotheroid Telmatherium (?) incisivum Douglass from the Uinta Basin - Science (35), 546- (journal article, English)
  • E. S. Riggs, 1912 - New or Little Known Titanotheres From the Lower Uintah Formations with Notes on the Stratigraphy and Distribution of Fossils - Geological Series, Field Museum of Natural History (4), 17-41 (journal article, English)
  • W. D. Matthew, 1909 - The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene - Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History (9), 289-567 (journal article, English)
  • E. Douglass, 1909 - Preliminary Descriptions of Some New Titanotheres From the Uinta Deposits - Annals of Carnegie Museum (6), 304-311 (journal article, English)
  • L. M. Lambe, 1908 - The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan - Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology (3), 1-65 (serial monograph, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1908 - New or little known titanotheres from the Eocene and Oligocene - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (24), 599-617 (journal article, )
  • R. S. Lull, 1905 - Megacerops tyleri, a new species of titanothere from the Bad Lands of South Dakota - Journal of Geology (13), 443-456 (journal article, English)
  • O. P. Hay, 1902 - - Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey (179), 1-868 (serial monograph, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1902 - The four phyla of Oligocene titanotheres - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (16), 91-109 (journal article, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1896 - The cranial evolution of Titanotherium - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (8), 157-197 (journal article, English)
  • J. B. Hatcher, 1895 - On a New Species of Diplacodon, with a Discussion of the Relations of that Genus to Telmatotherium - The American Naturalist (29), 1084-1090 (journal article, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1895 - Perissodactyls of the Lower Miocene White River beds - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (7), 343-375 (journal article, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1895 - Fossil mammals of the Uinta Basin. Expedition of 1894 - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (7), 71-105 (journal article, English)
  • C. Earle, 1891 - Palaeosyops and Allied Genera - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (43), 106-117 (journal article, English)
  • O. C. Marsh, 1891 - Notice of new vertebrate fossils - The American Journal of Science, series 3 (42), 265-269 (journal article, )
  • E. D. Cope, 1891 - On two new perissodactyles from the White River Neocene of Nebraska - American Naturalist (25), 47-49 (journal article, English)
  • C. Earle, 1891 - On a New Species of Palæosyops.-Palæosyops megarhinus, sp. nov. - The American Naturalist (25), 45-47 (journal article, English)
  • O. C. Marsh, 1890 - Notice of new Tertiary mammals - American Journal of Science (39), 523-525 (journal article, English)
  • E. D. Cope, 1889 - Vertebrata of the Swift Current River. No. III - The American Naturalist (23), 628-629 (journal article, English)
  • E. D. Cope, 1889 - The Vertebrata of the Swift Current River, II - The American Naturalist (23), 151-155 (journal article, English)
  • W. B. Scott, 1887 - Preliminary account of the fossil mammals from the White River formation contained in the Museum of Comparative Zoology - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College (13), 151-171 (journal article, English)
  • O. C. Marsh, 1887 - Notice of new fossil mammals - American Journal of Science (34), 323-331 (journal article, )
  • E. D. Cope, 1886 - The Vertebrata of the Swift Current Creek region of the Cypress Hills - Annual Report, Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada (1885), 1-7 (journal article, English)
  • E. D. Cope, 1881 - On the Vertebrata of the Wind River Eocene beds of Wyoming - Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey (6), 183-202 (journal article, English)
  • E. D. Cope, 1881 - The systematic arrangement of the Order Perissodactyla - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (19), 377-401 (journal article, English)
  • E. D. Cope, 1880 - The bad lands of the Wind River and their fauna - The American Naturalist (14), 745-748 (journal article, English)
  • H. F. Osborn, 1878 - Palaeontological Report of the Princeton Scientific Expedition of 1877 - Contributions from the Museum of Geology and Archæology of Princeton College (1), 1-146 (journal article, English)
  • E. D. Cope, 1875 - Report on the vertebrate paleontology of Colorado - Annual Report of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (1873), 427-533 (journal article, English)
  • O. C. Marsh, 1875 - Notice of new Tertiary mammals, IV - American Journal of Science (9), 239-250 (journal article, English)
  • E. D. Cope, 1873 - Synopsis of new Vertebrata from the Tertiary of Colorado obtained during the summer of 1873 - Seventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories (), - (journal article, English)
  • E. D. Cope, 1873 - On the new perissodactyles from the Bridger Eocene - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (), 1-2 (journal article, English)
  • E. D. Cope, 1873 - On some Eocene mammals, obtained by Hayden's Geological Survey of 1872 - Paleontological Bulletin (12), 1-6 (journal article, English)
  • J. Leidy, 1873 - Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories - Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories (1), 1-358 (serial monograph, English)
  • O. C. Marsh, 1873 - Notice of new Tertiary mammals (continued) - (5), 485-488 (journal article, English)
  • J. Leidy, 1872 - On some new species of fossil Mammalia from Wyoming - The American Journal of Science and Arts (4), 239-240 (journal article, English)
  • E. D. Cope, 1872 - Second Notice of Extinct Vertebrates from Bitter Creek, Wyoming - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (12), 487-488 (journal article, English)
  • O. C. Marsh, 1872 - Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part I - American Journal of Science (4), 122-128 (journal article, English)
  • J. Leidy, 1872 - Remarks on Fossils from Wyoming - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (24), 277- (journal article, English)
  • O. C. Marsh, 1871 - Notice of some new fossil mammals from the Tertiary Formation - American Journal of Science (2), 35-44 (journal article, English)
  • J. Leidy, 1871 - Remarks on fossil vertebrates from Wyoming - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (23), 228-229 (abstract, English)
  • J. Leidy, 1870 - [Abstract of remarks made before a meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, January 4th, 1870] - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (22), 1-2 (abstract, English)
  • J. Leidy, 1870 - [Abstract of remarks made before a meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, October 25th, 1870] - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (22), 113-114 (abstract, English)
  • J. Leidy, 1853 - [The Ancient Fauna of Nebraska] - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (6), 392-394 (journal article, English)
  • J. Leidy, 1850 - [Abstract of remarks made before a meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, December 17th, 1850] - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (5), 121-122 (journal article, English)

IDs

GUSID (Global unique identifier short form) n23zlFVkA0KyEUtus-n4oA
GUID (Global unique identifier) 94F36D9F-6455-4203-B211-4B6EB3E9F8A0
Database ID 14025