This mentioned taxonomy is an attempt to make an conclusive assignment from the different classifications of various scientists. Because the taxonomy may change due to the latest investigative methods and other findings, our map is a guide only.
Name from
Corresponding author (Name, Year)
Scopoli, 1777
Other languages
scientific
Caudata
German
Schwanzlurche
Lebenszeitraum in Million Jahren (Ma)
Start age: 251 Ma - End age: 0 Ma
0
0.0117
1.806
5.332
13.65
23.03
37
55.8
65.5
85.8
99.6
130
144.5
161.2
171.6
189.6
203.6
237
251
Start age: 306.95 Ma - End age: 251 Ma
251.1
265.8
275.6
299
311.7
Reference- and Source indication, Literature
Automatic Links to external internet sources (Responsibility is with the operator)
J. Jia, 2019 - A new stem hynobiid salamander (Urodela, Cryptobranchoidea) from the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) of Liaoning Province, China - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (39), e1588- (journal article, English)
M. Venczel, 2019 - A New Proteid Salamander from the Lower Oligocene of Romania, with Notes on the Paleobiogeography of Eurasian Proteids - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (38), 1-10 (journal article, English)
P. P. Skutschas, 2018 - A new relict stem salamander from the Early Cretaceous of Yakutia, Siberian Russia - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (63), - (journal article, English)
Y.-F. Rong, 2018 - Restudy of Regalerpeton weichangensis (Amphibia: Urodela) from the Lower Cretaceous of Hebei, China - Vertebrata PalAsiatica (56), 121-136 (journal article, English)
J. J. Jacisin, 2018 - A redescription and phylogenetic analysis based on new material of the fossil newts Taricha oligocenica Van Frank, 1955 and Taricha lindoei Naylor, 1979 (Amphibia, Salamandridae) from the Oligocene of Oregon - Journal of Paleontology (), - (journal article, English)
J. Jia, 2016 - A new hynobiid-like salamander (Amphibia, Urodela) from Inner Mongolia, China, provides a rare case study of developmental features in an Early Cretaceous fossil urodele - PeerJ (4), e2499-44 (journal article, English)
P. P. Skutchas, 2016 - A new crown-group salamander from the Middle Jurassic of Western Siberia, Russia - Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments (96), 41-48 (journal article, English)
J. Jia, 2016 - A new basal salamandroid (Amphibia, Urodela) from the Late Jurassic of Qinglong, Hebei Province, China - PLoS ONE (11), e0153- (journal article, English)
J. Tissier, 2016 - Synchrotron analysis of a ‘mummified’ salamander (Vertebrata: Caudata) from the Eocene of Quercy, France - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (177), 147-164 (journal article, English)
P. P. Skutschas, 2014 - Kiyatriton leshchinskiyi Averianov et Voronkevich, 2001, a crown-group salamander from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Siberia, Russia - Cretaceous Research (51), 88-94 (journal article, English)
D. G. DeMar, Jr., 2013 - A new fossil salamander (Caudata, Proteidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation, Montana, U.S.A. - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (33), 588-598 (journal article, English)
D. Vasilyan, 2013 - A new giant salamander (Urodela, Pancryptobrancha) from the Miocene of Eastern Europe (Grytsiv, Ukraine) - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (33), 301-318 (journal article, English)
K. -Q. Gao, 2012 - Late Jurassic salamandroid from western Liaoning, China - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (109), 5767-5772 (journal article, English)
H. C. Maddin, 2012 - The Braincase of Eocaecilia micropodia (Lissamphibia, Gymnophiona) and the Origin of Caecilians - PLoS One (7), e5074- (journal article, English)
J. D. Gardner, 2012 - Revision of Piceoerpeton MESZOELY (Caudata: Scapherpetontidae) and description of a new species from the late Maastrichtian and ? early Paleocene of western North America - Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (183), 611-620 (journal article, English)
P. P. Skutschas, 2012 - A new salamander from the late Paleocene–early Eocene of Ukraine - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (57), 135-148 (journal article, English)
P. P. Skutschas, 2011 - A new genus and species of basal salamanders from the Middle Jurassic of western Siberia, Russia - Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (315), 167-175 (journal article, English)
J. D. Gardner, 2010 - Comparative morphology of the ilium of anurans and urodeles (Lissamphibia) and a re-assessment of the anuran affinities of Nezpercius dodsoni Blob et al, 2001 - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (30), 1684-1696 (journal article, English)
M. Böhme, 2010 - Ectothermic vertebrates (Actinopterygii, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Germany, Bavaria) and their implications for environment reconstruction and palaeoclimate - Paläontologische Zeitschrift (84), 3-41 (journal article, English)
P. P. Skutschas, 2009 - Re-evaluation of Mynbulakia Nesov, 1981 (Lissamphibia: Caudata) and description of a new salamander genus from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (29), 659-664 (journal article, English)
G. Zhang, 2009 - A new Early Cretaceous salamander (Regalerpeton weichangensis gen. et sp. nov.) from the Huajiying Formation of northeastern China - Cretaceous Research (30), 551-558 (journal article, English)
M. Venczel, 2008 - Late middle Miocene amphibians and squamate reptiles from Taut, Romania - Geodiversitas (30), 731-763 (journal article, English)
M. Matsui, 2008 - Reduced genetic variation in the Japanese giant salamander, Andrias japonicus (Amphibia: Caudata) - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (49), 318-326 (journal article, English)
D. Parmley, 2007 - Amphiuma (Caudata: Amphiumidae) from the Pleistocene Clark Quarry local fauna of coastal Georgia - Georgia Journal of Science (65), 76-81 (journal article, English)
Y. Wang, 2006 - A new short-bodied salamander from the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous of China - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (51), 127-130 (journal article, English)
J.-C. Rage, 2006 - The lower vertebrates from the Eocene and Oligocene of the Phosphorites du Quercy (France): an overview - Strata (1), 161-173 (journal article, English)
Y. Wang, 2005 - Jeholotriton paradoxus (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Lower Cretaceous of southeastern Inner Mongolia, China - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (25), 523-532 (journal article, English)
H. Haubold, 2005 - Interpretation of the tetrapod footprints from the early Pennsylvanian of Alabama - Alabama Paleontological Society Monograph (1), 75-111 (book/book chapter, English)
S. E. Evans, 2005 - A Late Jurassic salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Morrison Formation of North America - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (143), 599-616 (journal article, English)
Y. Wang, 2004 - A new Mesozoic caudate (Liaoxitriton daohugouensis sp. nov.) from Inner Mongolia, China - Chinese Science Bulletin (49), 858-860 (journal article, English)
J. D. Gardner, 2003 - New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (48), 301-319 (journal article, English)
J. D. Gardner, 2003 - Revision of Habrosaurus Gilmore (Caudata; Sirenidae) and relationships among sirenid salamanders - Palaeontology (46), 1089-1122 (journal article, English)
J. D. Gardner, 2003 - The fossil salamander Proamphiuma cretacea Estes (Caudata; Amphiumidae) and relationships within the Amphiumidae - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (23), 769-782 (journal article, English)
M. Ruta, 2003 - Early tetrapod relationships revisited - Biological Reviews (78), 251-345 (journal article, English)
S. E. Evans, 2002 - An amphibian assemblage from the Purbeck Limestone Group - Special Papers in Palaeontology (68), 103-119 (journal article, English)
A. O. Averianov, 2002 - A new crown-group salamander from the Early Cretaceous of western Siberia - Russian Journal of Herpetology (9), 209-214 (journal article, English)
K.-Q. Gao, 2001 - Late Jurassic salamanders from northern China - Nature (410), 574-577 (journal article, English)
R. W. Blob, 2001 - A new fossil frog from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (21), 190-194 (journal article, English)
R. E. Weems, 2001 - Amphibians and nonmarine turtles from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia (USA) - Journal of Paleontology (87), 570-588 (journal article, English)
J. D. Gardner, 2001 - Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia) - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (131), 309-352 (journal article, English)
M. A. Shishkin, 2000 - Mesozoic amphibians from Mongolia and the Central Asiatic republics - The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia (), 297-308 (book chapter, English)
Y. Wang, 2000 - A new salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota - Vertebrata PalAsiatica (38), 100-103 (journal article, English)
T. Mors, 2000 - Die erst Wirbeltierfauna aus der miozanen Braunkohle der Niederrheinischen Bucht (Ville-Schichten, Tagebau Hambach) [The first vertebrate fauna from the Miocene Ville Series of the Lower Rhine Embayment (Hambach open cast mine, western Germany)] - Paläontologische Zeitschrift (74), 145-170 (journal article, German)
M. Venczel, 1999 - Land salamanders of the family Hynobiidae from the Neogene and Quaternary of Europe - Amphibia-Reptilia (20), 401-412 (journal article, English)
R. L. Carroll, 1998 - Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie / Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology Teil 1 / Part 1 Lepospondyli: Microsauria, Nectridea, Lysorophia, Adelospondyli, Aistopoda, Acherontiscidae - (), 1-216 (book, English)
O. Rieppel, 1998 - A well-preserved fossil amphiumid (Lissamphibia: Caudata) from the Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (18), 700-708 (journal article, English)
Z. Dong, 1998 - A new urodele (Liaoxitriton zhongjiani gen. et sp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous of western Liaoning Province, China - Vertebrata PalAsiatica (36), 159-172 (journal article, Chinese)
R. K. Denton, Jr., 1998 - Parrisia neocesariensis, a new batrachosauroidid salamander and other amphibians from the Campanian of eastern North America - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (18), 484-494 (journal article, English)
L. A. Nessov, 1997 - - Nemorskiye Pozvonochnyye Melovogo Perioda Severnoy Yevrazii [Cretaceous Non-Marine Vertebrates of Northern Eurasia] (), 1-218 (book, Russian)
S. E. Evans, 1996 - Sirenid salamanders and a gymnophionan amphibian from the Cretaceous of the Sudan - Palaeontology (39), 77-95 (journal article, English)
N. Frank, 1996 - A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World - (), 1-377 (book, English)
S. E. Evans, 1996 - A metamorphosed salamander from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B (351), 627-646 (journal article, English)
B. G. Naylor, 1993 - A new ambystomatid salamander, Dicamptodon antiquus n.sp., from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada - Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (30), 814-818 (journal article, English)
J. -C. Rage, 1993 - Enigmatic Caudata (Amphibia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Gondwana - Géobios (26), 515-519 (journal article, English)
R. M. Sullivan, 1991 - Paleocene Caudata and Squamata from Gidley and Silberling quarries, Montana - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (11), 293-301 (journal article, English)
Y. M. Gubin, 1991 - Paleocene salamanders from southern Mongolia - Paleontological Journal (25), 91-102 (journal article, English)
C. F. Wellstead, 1991 - Taxonomic revision of the Lysorophia, Permo-Carboniferous lepospondyl amphibians - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (209), 1-90 (journal article, English)
J. A. Holman, 1990 - A late Pleistocene herpetofauna from Bell Cave, Alabama - The Herpetological Journal (1), 521-529 (journal article, English)
L. J. Bryant, 1989 - Non-dinosaurian lower vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Montana - University of California Publications in Geological Sciences (134), 1-107 (book/book chapter, English)
J.-C. Rage, 1988 - The oldest known colubrid snakes. The state of the art - Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia (31), 457-474 (journal article, English)
L. A. Nessov, 1988 - Late Mesozoic amphibians and lizards of Soviet Middle Asia - Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia (31), 475-486 (journal article, English)
S. E. Evans, 1988 - The earliest known Salamanders (Amphibia, Caudata): A record from the Middle Jurassic of England - Geobios (21), 539-552 (journal article, English)
C. Barbera, 1988 - Revisione dei tetrapodi del Cretacico Inferiore di Pietraroia (Matese Orientale, Benevento) appartenenti alla collezione Costa del Museo di Paleontologia dell'Università di Napoli [Revision of the tetrapods from the Lower Cretaceous of Pietraroia (Eastern - Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana (41), 567-574 (journal article, Italian)
J.-C. Rage, 1988 - Le gisement du Bretou (Phosphorites du Quercy, Tarn-et-Garonne, France) et sa faune des vertebres de l'Eocene superieur; 1. Amphibiens et reptiles. [Le Bretou locality (Quercy Phosphorites, Tarn-et-Garonne, France) and its late Eocene vertebrate fauna; 1. - Palaeontographica Abteilung A (205), 3-27 (journal article, French)
R. L. Carroll, 1988 - - Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution (), 1-698 (compendium, English)
J. A. Holman, 1985 - Herpetofauna of Ladds Quarry - National Geographic Research (1), 423-436 (journal article, English)
R. Estes, 1982 - Early Cretaceous lower vertebrates from Galve (Teruel), Spain - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (2), - (journal article, English)
R. Estes, 1981 - - Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Part 2. Gymnophiona, Caudata. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart (), xv-115 (book, English)
B. G. Naylor, 1981 - Cryptobranchid salamanders from the Paleocene and Miocene of Saskatchewan - Copeia (1981), 76-86 (journal article, English)
B. G. Naylor, 1981 - Piceoerpeton, a giant early Tertiary salamander from western North America - Journal of Paleontology (55), 507-523 (journal article, English)
L. A. Nessov, 1981 - Amfibii i reptilii v ekosistemakh Mela sredney Azii [Amphibia and reptiles in Cretaceous ecosystems of central Asia] - The Problems of Herpetology. Fifth Herpetological Conference. Abstracts (), 91-92 (abstract, Russian)
B. G. Naylor, 1981 - A new salamander of the family Batrachosauroididae from the late Miocene of North America, with notes on other batrachosauroidids - PaleoBios (), 1-14 (journal article, English)
B. G. Naylor, 1979 - The Cretaceous salamander Prodesmodon (Amphibia: Caudata) - Herpetologica (35), 11-20 (journal article, English)
M. F. Ivakhnenko, 1978 - Tailed amphibians from the Triassic and Jurassic of Middle Asia - Paleontological Journal (1978), 84-89 (journal article, English)
B. G. Naylor, 1978 - The earliest known Necturus (Amphibia, Urodela), from the Paleocene Ravenscrag Formation of Saskatchewan - Journal of Herpetology (12), 565-569 (journal article, English)
J. A. Holman, 1977 - The Pleistocene (Kansan) herpetofauna of Cumberland Cave, Maryland - Annals of Carnegie Museum (46), 157-172 (journal article, English)
B. Hinderstein, 1977 - The Miocene salamander Batrachosauroides dissimulans (Amphibia, Urodela) from East Texas - Journal of Herpetology (11), 369-372 (journal article, English)
R. Estes, 1976 - Middle Paleocene lower vertebrates from the Tongue River Formation, southeastern Montana - Journal of Paleontology (50), 500-520 (journal article, English)
J. A. Tihen, 1974 - Two new North American Miocene salamandrids - Journal of Herpetology (8), 211-218 (journal article, English)
R. Estes, 1970 - Paleoecology of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate community from Montana - Breviora (343), 1-35 (journal article, )
R. Estes, 1969 - Prosirenidae, a new family of fossil salamanders - Nature (224), 87-88 (journal article, English)
R. Estes, 1969 - The Batrachosauroididae and Scapherpetontidae, Late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic salamanders - Copeia (1969), 225-234 (journal article, English)
E. Nevo, 1969 - Ramonellus longispinus, an Early Cretaceous salamander from Israel - Copeia (1969), 540-547 (journal article, English)
C. A. M. Meszoely, 1967 - A new cryptobranchid salamander from the Early Eocene of Wyoming - Copeia (1967), 346-349 (journal article, English)
J. A. Holman, 1967 - A Pleistocene herpetofauna from Ladds, Georgia - Bulletin of the Georgia Academy of Science (25), 154-166 (, )
R. Estes, 1967 - Paleocene amphibians from Cernay, France - American Museum Novitates (2295), 1-25 (journal article, English)
C. Meszoely, 1966 - North American fossil cryptobranchid salamanders - American Midland Naturalist (75), 495-515 (journal article, English)
J. A. Holman, 1966 - A small Miocene herpetofauna from Texas - Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences (29), 267-275 (journal article, English)
J. D. Lynch, 1965 - The Pleistocene amphibians of Pit II, Arredondo, Florida - Copeia (1965), 72-77 (journal article, English)
R. Estes, 1965 - A new fossil salamander from Montana and Wyoming - Copeia (1965), 90-95 (journal article, English)
R. Estes, 1964 - Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming - University of California Publications in Geological Sciences (49), 1-187 (journal article, English)
J. A. Tihen, 1963 - Urodele remains from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska - Copeia (1963), 505-510 (journal article, English)
W. Auffenberg, 1961 - A new genus of fossil salamander from North America - American Midland Naturalist (66), 456-465 (journal article, English)
M. K. Hecht, 1960 - Fossil amphibians from Quarry Nine - Postilla (46), 1-19 (journal article, English)
W. Auffenberg, 1959 - The status of the salamander genera Scapherpeton and Hemitrypus of Cope - American Museum Novitates (1979), 1-12 (journal article, English)
C. J. Goin, 1958 - New salamanders of the family Sirenidae from the Cretaceous of North America - Fieldiana: Geology (10), 449-459 (journal article, English)
W. Auffenberg, 1958 - A new family of Miocene salamanders from the Texas coastal plain - Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences (21), 169-176 (journal article, English)
C. J. Goin, 1957 - A new fossil salamander of the genus Siren from the Eocene of Wyoming - Copeia (1957), 83-85 (journal article, English)
W. Herre, 1955 - Die Fauna der miozänen Spaltenfüllung von Neudorf a. d. March (SR.), Amphibia (Urodela). Fossile Urodelen aus dem Miozän des Wiener Beckens und ihre stammesgeschichtliche Bedeutung - Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung 1 - Biologie, Mineralogie, Erdkunde und verwandte Wissenschaften (164), 783-803 (journal article, German)
C. J. Goin, 1955 - The fossil salamanders of the family Sirenidae - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (113), 497-514 (journal article, English)
P. Leonardi, 1951 - Orme di tetrapodi nelle Arenarie de Val Gardena (Permiano Medio-inferiore) dell’Alto Adige sud-orientale [Tetrapod footprints in the Val Gardena Sandstones (middle-lower Permian) of southeast Alto Adige] - Memorie degli Istituti di Geologia e Mineralogia dell’Università di Padova (17), 1-23 (journal article, Italian)
O. Kuhn, 1946 - Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles] - Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg (29), 49-67 (journal article, German)
C. W. Hibbard, 1939 - Notes on Additional Fauna of Edson Quarry of the Middle Pliocene of Kansas - Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences (42), 457-462 (journal article, English)
G. K. Noble, 1928 - Two new fossil amphibia of zoögeographic importance from the Miocene of Europe - American Museum Novitates (303), 1-13 (journal article, English)
C. W. Gilmore, 1928 - Fossil lizards of North America - Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (22), 1-201 (serial monograph, English)
R. P. Longinos Navás, 1922 - Algunos Fósiles de Libros (Teruel) - Boletín de la Sociedad Ibérica de Ciencias Naturales (21), 52-61 (journal article, Spanish)
O. P. Hay, 1902 - - Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey (179), 1-868 (serial monograph, English)
M. L. Dollo, 1884 - Note sur le batracien de Bernissart - Bulletin du Musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique (3), 85-93 (journal article, French)
E. T. Newton, 1882 - The Vertebrata of the Forest Bed Series of Norfolk and Suffolk - Memoirs of the Geological Survey. England and Wales (), 1-143 (journal article, English)
E. D. Cope, 1876 - Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of Montana - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (28), 248-261 (journal article, English)
E. D. Cope, 1876 - On some extinct reptiles and Batrachia from the Judith River and Fox Hills Beds of Montana - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (28), 340-359 (journal article, English)
E. D. Cope, 1875 - Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum - Bulletin of the United States National Museum (1), 1-109 (journal article, English)
E. D. Cope, 1869 - - Synopsis of the Extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Part I. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series (14), 1-104 (serial monograph, English)
E. D. Cope, 1868 - Synopsis of the Extinct Batrachia of North America - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1868), 208-221 (journal article, English)
O. G. Costa, 1864 - - Paleontologia del Regno di Napoli. Parte III [Paleontology of the Kingdom of Naples. Part III]. Atti dell'Accademia Pontaniana (8), 1-192 (book, Italian)
L. Fitzinger, 1843 - Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae - Apud Braumüller and Seidel Bibliopolas, Vienna (), 1-106 (serial monograph, other)
C. S. Rafinesque, 1815 - - Analyse de la Nature, ou Tableau de l'Univers et des Corps Organisés (), 1-241 (book/book chapter, French)
A. M. C. Duméril, 1805 - - Zoologie Analytique, ou Méthode Naturelle de Classification des Animaux, Rendue plus Facile à l’Aide de Tableaux Synoptiques (), 1-344 (book, French)
P. A. Latreille, 1800 - - Histoire naturelle des salamandres de France, précédée d'un Tableau méthodique des autres reptiles indigène. Published by the author himself, Paris (), - (book/book chapter, French)
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - - Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima (1), 1-824 (book, other)
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