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Coccyges
Coccyges

Additional Functions

Grouping

Belong­ing to

 Gaeabionta  ⇒ Domäne: Eukaryota  ⇒ Reich: Animalia  ⇒ Mittelreich: Eumetazoa  ⇒ Klade: Triploblastica  ⇒ Klade: Nephrozoa  ⇒ Abzweig: Deuterostomia  ⇒ Stamm: Chordata  ⇒ Unterstamm: Vertebrata  ⇒ Infrastamm: Gnathostomata  ⇒ Superklasse: Tetrapoda  ⇒ Serie: Amniota  ⇒ Klade: Sauropsida  ⇒ Infraklasse: Eureptilia  ⇒ ohne Rang: Romeriida  ⇒ Unterklasse: Diapsida  ⇒ Klade: Eosuchia  ⇒ Klade: Neodiapsida  ⇒ Klade: Sauria (Klade)  ⇒ Infraklasse: Archosauromorpha  ⇒ Klade: Archosauriformes  ⇒ ohne Rang: Crurotarsi  ⇒ Klade: Archosauria  ⇒ ohne Rang: Avemetatarsalia  ⇒ Klade: Ornithodira  ⇒ Klade: Dinosauromorpha  ⇒ Klade: Dinosauriformes  ⇒ Klade: Dinosauria  ⇒ Ordnung: Saurischia  ⇒ Klade: Theropoda  ⇒ Klade: Neotheropoda  ⇒ ohne Rang: Averostra  ⇒ Klade: Tetanurae  ⇒ Kohorte: Coelurosauria  ⇒ ohne Rang: Maniraptora  ⇒ Unterkohorte: Paraves  ⇒ Klasse: Aves  ⇒ Infraklasse: Neognathae  ⇒ Klade: Neoaves  ⇒ Division: Terrestrornithes  ⇒ Klade: Dendrornithes  ⇒ Klade: Anomalogonates

Taxo­nomic seg­ment

Klade

This mentioned taxonomy is an attempt to make an conclusive assignment from the different classifications of various scientists. Because the taxonomy may change due to the latest investigative methods and other findings, our map is a guide only.

Name from

Corre­spond­ing author (Name, Year)

Huxley, 1867

Other languages

scientific

Coccyges

Lebenszeitraum in Million Jahren (Ma)

Start age: 72.1 Ma - End age: 0 Ma
0
0.0117
1.806
5.332
13.65
23.03
37
55.8
83.5
Meghalayan
Northgrippian
Greenlandian
Upper Pleistocene
Ionian
Calabrian
Gelasian
Piacenzian
Zanclean
Messinian
Tortonian
Serravallian
Langhian
Burdigalian
Aquitanian
Chattian
Rupelian
Priabonian
Bartonian
Lutetian
Ypresian
Thanetian
Selandian
Danian
Maastrichtian
Campanian
Holocene
Pleistocene
Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
Upper/Late Cretaceous
Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene
Cretaceous

Additional data by PBDB, License: CC BY

Motility: actively mobile
Environment: terrestrial
Compositon of the remains:

Hydroxyapatite

Reference- and Source indication, Literature

Links

Automatic Links to external internet sources (Responsibility is with the operator)

Search for taxonomy at PaleobioDB.org
Search for taxonomy at Fossilworks
Search for taxonomy at The Taxonomicon

Next lower taxonomy level

On the same taxonomic level (siblings) (Count: 2)

Taxonomic assignment (513)

References by PBDB, License: CC BY

  • M. P. Braun, 2019 - A molecular phylogeny of the genus Psittacula sensu lato (Aves: Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Psittacula, Psittinus, Tanygnathus, †Mascarinus) with taxonomic implications - Zootaxa (4563), 547-562 (journal article, English)
  • T. H. Worthy, 2019 - Prehistoric avifaunas from the Kingdom of Tonga - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (189), 998-1045 (journal article, English)
  • T. H. Worthy, 2019 - Evidence for a giant parrot from the Early Miocene of New Zealand - Biology Letters (15), 20190- (journal article, English)
  • D. W. Steadman, 2018 - Holocene vertebrates from a dry cave on Eleuthera Island, Commonwealth of The Bahamas - The Holocene (28), 806-813 (journal article, English)
  • S. Rigal, 2018 - New prehistoric avifaunas from the Gambier Group, French Polynesia - Palaeontologia Electronica (21), 1-35 (journal article, English)
  • H. Matsuoka, 2018 - Birds around the Minatogawa Man: the Late Pleistocene avian fossil assemblage of the Minatogawa Fissure, southern part of Okinawa Island, Central Ryukyu Islands, Japan - Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History (22), 1-21 (journal article, English)
  • J. F. Clements, 2017 - - The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017 (), - (book, English)
  • C. Mourer-Chauvire, 2015 - Stem group galliform and stem group psittaciform birds (Aves, Galliformes, Paraortygidae, and Psittaciformes, family incertae sedis) from the Middle Eocene of Namibia - Journal of Ornithology (156), 275-286 (journal article, English)
  • T. H. Worthy, 2015 - Avifauna from the Teouma Lapita site, Efate Island, Vanuatu, including a new genus and species of megapode - Pacific Science (69), 205-254 (journal article, English)
  • M. Gala, 2015 - Evidence of the former existence of an endemic macaw in Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles - Journal of Ornithology (156), 1061-1066 (journal article, English)
  • G. Mayr, 2014 - Earliest and first Northern Hemispheric hoatzin fossils substantiate Old World origin of a "Neotropic endemic" - Naturwissenschaften (101), 143-148 (journal article, English)
  • J. R. Wood, 2014 - Taxonomic names, in An extinct nestorid parrot (Aves, Psittaciformes, Nestoridae) from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (172), 185-199 (journal article, English)
  • J. del Hoyo, 2014 - HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines - (), 1-904 (book, English)
  • C. Mourer-Chauvire, 2013 - Idiornis Oberholser, 1899 (Aves, Gruiformes, Cariamae, Idiornithidae): a junior synonym of Dynamopterus Milne-edwards, 1892 (Paleogene, Phosphorites du Quercy, France) - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen (270), 13-22 (journal article, English)
  • D. T. Ksepka, 2012 - A New Stem Parrot from the Green River Formation and the Complex Evolution of the Grasping Foot in Pan-Psittaciformes - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (32), 395-406 (journal article, English)
  • L. Joseph, 2012 - A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes) - Zootaxa (3205), 26-40 (journal article, English)
  • D. K. Ksepka, 2011 - Stem parrots (Aves, Halcyornithidae) from the Green River Formation and a combined phylogeny of Pan-Psittaciformes - Journal of Paleontology (85), 835-854 (journal article, English)
  • T. H. Worthy, 2011 - An early Miocene diversity of parrots (Aves, Strigopidae, Nestorinae) from New Zealand - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (31), 1102-1116 (journal article, English)
  • J. P. Hume, 2011 - Systematics, morphology, and ecology of pigeons and doves (Aves: Columbidae) of the Mascarene Islands, with three new species - Zootaxa (3124), 1-62 (journal article, English)
  • G. Mayr, 2011 - Out of Africa: fossils shed light on the origin of the hoatzin, an iconic Neotropic bird - Naturwissenschaften (98), 961-966 (journal article, English)
  • G. Mayr, 2011 - Well-preserved new skeleton of the Middle Eocene Messelastur substantiates sister group relationship between Messelasturidae and Halcyornithidae (Aves, ? Pan-Psittaciformes) - Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (9), 159-171 (journal article, English)
  • L. D. Martin, 2010 - Paleogene avifauna of the holarctic - Vertebrata PalAsiatica (48), 367-374 (journal article, English)
  • T. H. Worthy, 2009 - A Large Fruit Pigeon (Columbidae) from the Early Miocene of New Zealand - The Auk (126), 649-656 (journal article, English)
  • M. P. Witton, 2009 - On pterodactyloid diversity in the British Wealden (Lower Cretaceous) and a reappraisal of ‘‘Palaeornis’’ cliftii Mantell, 1844 - Cretaceous Research (30), 676-686 (journal article, English)
  • D. W. Steadman, 2008 - Doves (Columbidae) and cuckoos (Cuculidae) from the early Miocene of Florida - Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History (48), 1-16 (journal article, English)
  • S. L. Olson, 2008 - New evidence of Ara autochthones from an archeological site inPuerto Rico: a valid species of West Indian macaw of unknowngeographical origin (Aves: Psittacidae) - Caribbean Journal of Science (44), 215-222 (journal article, English)
  • D. A. Burney, 2008 - New findings at Andrahomana Cave, southeastern Madagascar - Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (70), 13-24 (journal article, English)
  • T. H. Worthy, 2008 - A new genus and species of pigeon (Aves: Columbidae) from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group - Islands of Inquiry: Colonisation, Seafaring and the Archaeology of Maritime Landscapes (), 499-510 (book chapter, English)
  • D. M. Waterhouse, 2008 - Two new parrots (Psittaciformes) from the Lower Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark - Palaeontology (51), 575-582 (journal article, English)
  • B. C. Livezey, 2007 - Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (149), 1-95 (journal article, English)
  • J. P. Hume, 2007 - Reappraisal of the parrots (Aves: Psittacidae) from the Mascarene Islands, with comments on their ecology, morphology, and affinities - Zootaxa (1513), 1-76 (journal article, English)
  • D. W. Steadman, 2006 - A new species of extinct parrot (Psittacidae: Eclectus) from Tonga and Vanuatu, South Pacific - Pacific Science (60), 137-145 (journal article, English)
  • G. Mayr, 2006 - A specimen of Eocuculus Chandler, 1999 (Aves, ? Cuculidae) from the early Oligocene of France - Geobios (39), 865-872 (journal article, English)
  • G. M. Wragg, 2006 - A new species of extinct imperial pigeon (Ducula: Columbidae) from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group - Historical Biology (18), 131-144 (journal article, English)
  • D. W. Steadman, 2006 - An extinct species of tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus) from the Kingdom of Tonga, and the concept of endemism in insular landbirds - Journal of Zoology (268), 233-241 (journal article, English)
  • A. Janoo, 2005 - Discovery of isolated dodo bones [Raphus cucullatus (L.), Aves, Columbiformes] from Mauritius cave shelters highlights human predation, with a comment on the status of the family Raphidae Wetmore, 1930 - Annales de Paléontologie (91), 167-180 (journal article, English)
  • G. Mayr, 2004 - Osteology and systematic position of the Eocene Primobucconidae (Aves, Coraciiformes sensu stricto), with first records from Europe - Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2), 1-12 (journal article, English)
  • T. H. Worthy, 2003 - A new species of Gallicolumba: Columbidae from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group - Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand (33), 769-793 (journal article, English)
  • T. H. Worthy, 2003 - Late-Pleistocene avifaunas from Cape Wanbrow, Otago, South Island, New Zealand - Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand (33), 427-485 (journal article, English)
  • G. Mayr, 2002 - On the osteology and phylogenetic affinities of the Pseudasturidae - Lower Eocene stem-group representatives of parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes) - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (136), 715-729 (journal article, English)
  • R. N. Holdaway, 2001 - Avifauna from the Emily Bay settlement site, Norfolk Island: a preliminary account - Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement (27), 85-100 (journal article, English)
  • T. H. Worthy, 2001 - A giant flightless pigeon gen. et sp. nov. and a new species of Ducula (Aves: Columbidae), from Quaternary deposits in Fiji - Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand (31), 763-794 (journal article, English)
  • C. Mourer-Chauviré, 1999 - The avifauna of Réunion Island (Mascarene Islands) at the time of the arrival of the first Europeans - Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology (89), 1-38 (serial monograph, English)
  • S. M. Goodman, 1999 - Holocene bird subfossils from the sites of Ampasambazimba, Antsirabe and Ampoza, Madagascar: changes in the avifauna of south central Madagascar over the past few millennia - Proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress, Durban (), 3071-3083 (journal article, English)
  • R. M. Chandler, 1999 - Fossil birds of Florissant, Colorado: with a description of a new genus and species of cuckoo - National Park Service Paleontological Research, Volume 4. Geologic Resources Division Technical Report NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-99/03 (), 49-53 (book/book chapter, English)
  • A. P. Peterson, 1999 - - Zoological Nomenclature Resource (Zoonomen) (), - (unpublished, English)
  • S. D. Emslie, 1998 - Avian community, climate, and sea-level changes in the Plio-Pleistocene of the Florida Peninsula - Ornithological Monographs (), 1-113 (serial monograph, English)
  • T. Rasmussen, 1997 - Birds - Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia (), 171-184 (book chapter, English)
  • R. F. Baird, 1997 - Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensis gen. et sp. nov., an early cuckoo (Aves: Cuculidae) from the Late Paleocene of Brazil - Alcheringa (21), 123-127 (journal article, English)
  • M. Salotti, 1997 - Castiglione 3, un nouveau remplissage fosilifere d'age Pleistocene moyen dans le karst de la region d'Oletta (Haute-Corse) - Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Serie IIa (324), 67-74 (journal article, French)
  • D. W. Steadman, 1996 - A chronostratigraphic analysis of landbird extinction on Tahuata, Marquesas Islands - Journal of Archaeological Science (23), 81-94 (journal article, English)
  • D. S. Peters, 1994 - Messelastur gratulator n. gen. n. spec., ein Greifvogel as der Grube Messel (Aves: Accipitridae) - Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (170), 3-9 (journal article, German)
  • G. S. Morgan, 1994 - Late Quaternary fossil vertebrates from the Cayman Islands - The Cayman Islands: Natural History and Biogeography (), 465-508 (book chapter, English)
  • S. M. Goodman, 1993 - Identification of bird subfossils from cave surface deposits at Anjohibe, Madagascar, with a description of a new giant Coua (Cuculidae: Couinae) - Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (106), 24-33 (journal article, English)
  • C. Mourer-Chauvire, 1992 - Une nouvelle famille de perroquets (Aves: Psittaciformes) dans l'Éocène Supérieur des phosphorites du Quercy, France - Geobios (14), 169-177 (journal article, English)
  • S. L. Olson, 1992 - A new family of primitive landbirds from the early Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming - Papers in avian paleontology honoring Pierce Brodkorb (36), 127-136 (book chapter, English)
  • D. W. Steadman, 1992 - Extinction and biogeography of birds on Huahine, Society Islands, French Polynesia - Geoarchaeology (7), 449-483 (journal article, English)
  • R. F. Baird, 1992 - Fossil avian assemblage of Pitfall Origin from Holocene sediments in Amphitheatre Cave (G-2), South-western Victoria, Australia - Records of the Australian Museum (44), 21-44 (journal article, English)
  • D. W. Steadman, 1989 - New species and records of birds (Aves: Megapodiidae, Columbidae) from an archeological site on Lifuka, Tonga - Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (102), 537-552 (journal article, English)
  • J. C. Balouet, 1989 - Fossil birds from late Quaternary deposits in New Caledonia - Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology (469), 1-38 (journal article, English)
  • R. L. Carroll, 1988 - - Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution (), 1-698 (compendium, English)
  • J. C. Balouet, 1987 - A new extinct species of giant pigeon (Columbidae: Ducula) from archeological deposits on Wallis (Uvea) Island, South Pacific - Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (100), 769-775 (journal article, English)
  • D. W. Steadman, 1987 - Two new species of parrots (Aves: Psittacidae) from archeological sites in the Marquesas Islands - Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (100), 518-528 (journal article, English)
  • S. L. Olson, 1985 - The fossil record of birds - Avian Biology (VIII), 79-256 (book/book chapter, English)
  • R. F. Baird, 1985 - Avian fossils from Quaternary deposits in 'Green WaterholeCave', south-eastern South Australia - Records of the Australian Museum (37), 353-370 (journal article, English)
  • J. I. Mead, 1984 - The Late Wisconsinan vertebrate fauna from Deadman Cave, southern Arizona - Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History (20), 247-276 (journal article, English)
  • L. D. Martin, 1984 - A New Cuckoo and a Chachalaca from the Early Miocene of Colorado, - Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication (9), 171-177 (journal article, English)
  • S. L. Olson, 1982 - Fossil and subfossil birds from the Bahamas - Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology (48), 22-56 (journal article, English)
  • S. L. Olson, 1977 - The identity of the fossil ducks described from Australia by C.W. De Vis - The Emu (77), 127-131 (journal article, English)
  • A. Feduccia, 1976 - The Eocene zygodactyl birds of North America (Aves: Piciformes) - Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology (27), 101-110 (journal article, English)
  • K. E. Campbell, 1976 - The late Pleistocene avifauna of La Carolina, southwestern Ecuador - Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology (27), 155-168 (journal article, English)
  • S. L. Olson, 1975 - Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean - Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology (23), 1-49 (journal article, English)
  • D. T. Holyoak, 1973 - A undescribed extinct parrot from Mauritius - Ibis (115), 417-419 (journal article, English)
  • N. Cattoi, 1957 - Contribucion al estudio de la avifauna extinguida del Pleistoceno de la Republica Argentina - Ameghiniana (1), 17-24 (journal article, Spanish)
  • A. H. Miller, 1953 - A fossil hoatzin from the Miocene of Colombia - Auk (70), 484-489 (journal article, English)
  • C. Gaillard, 1939 - Contribution a l'étude des oiseaux fossiles [Contribution to the study of fossil birds] - Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon (15), 1-100 (serial monograph, French)
  • K. Lambrecht, 1933 - Handbuch der Palaeornithologie - (), 1-1024 (book, English)
  • A. Wetmore, 1926 - Descriptions of additional fossil birds from the Miocene of Nebraska - American Museum Novitates (211), 1-5 (journal article, English)
  • C. Gaillard, 1908 - Les oiseaux des phosphorites du Quercy [The birds from the Quercy phosphorites] - Annales de l'Université de Lyon, nouvelle séries. 1. Sciences, Médecine (23), 1-178 (serial monograph, French)
  • C. W. De Vis, 1905 - A contribution to the knowledge of the extinct avifauna of Australia - Annals of the Queensland Museum (6), 3-25 (journal article, English)
  • C. W. De Vis, 1892 - Residue of the extinct birds of Queensland as yet detected - Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (6), 437-456 (journal article, English)
  • F. Ameghino, 1891 - Enumeracion de las aves fosiles de la Republica Argentina - Revista Argentina de Historia Naturales (1), 441-453 (journal article, English)
  • K. A. v. Zittel, 1890 - - Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)] (), xii-900 (book, German)
  • A. Milne-Edwards, 1874 - Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Iles Mascareignes - Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Cinquième Série, Zoologie et Paléontologie (19), 1-31 (journal article, French)
  • A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 - Une psittacien fossile de l'Île Rodrigue - Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Cinquième Série, Zoolologie et Paléontologie (8), 145-156 (journal article, French)
  • R. Owen, 1866 - Evidence of a species, perhaps extinct, of a large parrot (Psittacus mauritianus, Owen), contemporary with the Dodo in the island of Mauritius - Ibis (2), 168-171 (journal article, English)
  • P. Gervais, 1859 - - Zoologie et Paléontologie Françaises. Nouvelles Recherches sur les Animaux Vertébrés dont on Trouve les Ossements Enfouis dans le Sol de la France et sur leur Comparaison aves les Espèces Propres aux Autres Régions du Globe (Deuxième Edition) [French Zool (), 544- (book, French)
  • P. Gervais, 1852 - - Zoologie et Paléontologie Françaises (Animaux Vertébrés) ou Nouvelles Recherches sur les Animaux Vivants et Fossiles de la France [French Zoology and Paleontology (Vertebrate Animals) or New Research on the Living and Fossil Animals of France] (1–3), 1-274+ (journal article, French)
  • C. Illiger, 1811 - - Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium (), - (book, other)
  • C. Linnaeus, 1766 - - Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 12th edition (), - (book, other)
  • C. Linnaeus, 1758 - - Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima (1), 1-824 (book, other)