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† Blastoidea
Blastoidea

Additional Functions

Grouping

Belong­ing to

 Gaeabionta  ⇒ Domäne: Eukaryota  ⇒ Reich: Animalia  ⇒ Mittelreich: Eumetazoa  ⇒ Klade: Triploblastica  ⇒ Klade: Nephrozoa  ⇒ Abzweig: Deuterostomia  ⇒ Klade: Ambulacraria  ⇒ Stamm: Echinodermata  ⇒ Unterstamm: Pelmatozoa

Taxo­nomic seg­ment

Klasse

This mentioned taxonomy is an attempt to make an conclusive assignment from the different classifications of various scientists. Because the taxonomy may change due to the latest investigative methods and other findings, our map is a guide only.

Name from

Corre­spond­ing author (Name, Year)

Say, 1825

Other languages

scientific

Blastoidea

Detailed description

Ausgestorbene Klasse im Stamm der Stachelhäuter, die in zwei Hauptgruppen (Spiraculata und Fissiculata) eingeteilt werden.

Die Blastoideen oder Knospenstrahler werden in der Systematik mit ca. 80 Gattungen geführt.

In ihrem Erscheinungsbild sind sie am ehesten mit den Seelilien (Crinoidea) vergleichbar, da sie auch einen Kelch (Theka) besessen haben, der über einen langen Stiel am Meeresboden befestigt war.

Lebenszeitraum in Million Jahren (Ma)

Start age: 460.9 Ma - End age: 251.3 Ma
251.1
265.8
275.6
299
311.7
345.3
385.3
407
418.7
426.2
439
460.9
Changhsingian
Wuchiapingian
Capitanian
Wordian
Roadian
Kungurian
Artinskian
Sakmarian
Asselian
Gzhelian
Kasimovian
Moscovian
Bashkirian
Serpukhovian
Visean
Tournaisian
Famennian
Frasnian
Givetian
Eifelian
Emsian
Pragian
Lochkovian
Ludfordian
Gorstian
Homerian
Sheinwoodian
Telychian
Aeronian
Rhuddanian
Hirnantian
Katian
Sandbian
Lopingian
Guadalupian
Cisuralian
Pennsylvanian
Mississippian
Upper Devonian
Middle Devonian
Lower Devonian
Pridoli
Ludlow
Wenlock
Llandovery
Upper Ordovician
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician

Additional data by PBDB, License: CC BY

Motility: attached, stationary
Habit: intermediate-level epifaunal
Environment: marine
Diet:

suspension feeder
Compositon of the remains:

high Mg Calcite

Reference- and Source indication, Literature

Automatic Links to external internet sources (Responsibility is with the operator)

Search for taxonomy at PaleobioDB.org
Search for taxonomy at Fossilworks
Search for taxonomy at The Taxonomicon

Next lower taxonomy level

On the same taxonomic level (siblings) (Count: 2)

Taxonomic assignment (292)

Occurrences (4)

Locations with GPS information

References by PBDB, License: CC BY

  • J. E. Bauer, 2017 - Hydrospire morphology and implications for blastoid phylogeny - Journal of Paleontology (91), 847-857 (journal article, English)
  • J. Sprinkle, 2013 - New ridged, conical, fissiculate blastoid from the Permian of Timor - Journal of Paleontology (87), 1071-1076 (journal article, English)
  • C. D. Sumrall, 2012 - Universal Elemental Homology in Glyptocystitoids, Hemicosmitoids, Coronoids and Blastoids: Steps Toward Echinoderm Phylogenetic Reconstruction in Derived Blastozoa - Journal of Paleontology (86), 956-972 (journal article, English)
  • C. D. Sumrall, 2009 - An enigmatic blastozoan echinoderm fauna from central Kentucky - Journal of Paleontology (83), 739-749 (journal article, English)
  • G. D. Webster, 2009 - New Pennsylvanian (Moscovian) echinoderms from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, western China - Palaeoworld (18), 241-250 (journal article, English)
  • C. D. Sumrall, 2009 - An enigmatic bastozoan Echinoderm fauna from central Kentucky - Journal of Paleontology (83), 739-749 (journal article, English)
  • G. D. Webster, 2007 - Paleogeographic significance of Early Permian crinoids and blastoids from Oman - Palaeontologische Zeitschrift (81), 399-405 (journal article, English)
  • J. A. Waters, 2003 - A quadrupling of Famennian pelmatozoan diversity: new Late Devonian blastoids and crinoids from northwest China - Journal of Paleontology (77), 922-948 (journal article, English)
  • J. J. Sepkoski, Jr., 2002 - A compendium of fossil marine animal genera - Bulletins of American Paleontology (363), 1-560 (serial monograph, English)
  • N. G. Lane, 2001 - Revision Of Late Devonian (Famennian) And Some Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Crinoids And Blastoids From The Type Devonian Area Of North Devon - Palaeontology (44), 1043-1080 (journal article, English)
  • G. D. Webster, 1992 - Permian echinoderms from Western Australia - Memoirs of the Queensland Museum (32), 311-373 (journal article, English)
  • H.R. Feldman, 1989 - Echinoderms of the Somerset Shale Member, Salem Limestone (Mississippian), in Indiana and Kentucky - Journal of Paleontology (63), 900-912 (journal article, English)
  • W. I. Ausich, 1988 - Blastoids from the late Osagean Fort Payne Formation (Kentucky and Tennessee) - Journal of Paleontology (62), 269-283 (journal article, English)
  • J. A. Waters, 1986 - A new occurrence of Granatocrinus granulatus (Roemer) from the Payne Chert of Alabama - Journal of Paleontology (60), 177-180 (journal article, English)
  • T. W. Broadhead, 1984 - Macurdablastus, a Middle Ordovician Blastoid from the Southern Appalachians - The University of Kansas, Paleontological Contibutions (), 1-9 (journal article, English)
  • P. A. Jell, 1983 - Early Devonian echinoderms from Victoria (Rhombifera, Blastoidea and Ophiocistoidea) - Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists (1), 209-235 (journal article, )
  • D. B. Macurda, 1983 - Systematics of the Fissiculate Blastoidea - Papers on Paleontology (), - (journal article, English)
  • D. B. Macurda, Jr., 1979 - The Devonian Blastoids of Bolivia - Journal of Paleontology (53), 1361-1373 (journal article, English)
  • D. B. Macurda, 1978 - The Mississippian blastoid genus Cribroblastus - Journal of Paleontology (52), 1288-1293 (journal article, English)
  • H. L. Strimple, 1977 - A new upper Pennsylvanian fissiculate blastoid from Texas - Journal of Paleontology (51), 357-362 (journal article, )
  • D. B. Macurda, 1977 - Arcuoblastus and Decemoblastus, two new Mississippian blastoid genera from the Burlington Limestone, Iowa - Journal of Paleontology (51), 1201-1214 (journal article, English)
  • D. B. Macurda Jr., 1977 - Strongyloblastus, a Mississippian Blastoid from Western Canada - Journal of Paleontology (51), 693-700 (journal article, English)
  • D. B. Macurda, Jr, 1975 - Devonian and Carboniferous spiraculate Blastoids from Brittany (France) - Journal of Paleontology (49), 845-855 (journal article, English)
  • D. B. Macurda Jr., 1972 - The Type Species of the Permian Blastoid Calycoblastus - Journal of Paleontology (46), 94-98 (journal article, English)
  • R. G. McKellar, 1969 - Permian pelmatozoan echinoderms from Nerimbera near Rockhampton, Queensland - Queensland Geological Survey Publication (337), 19-28 (journal article, English)
  • R. O. Fay, 1967 - Systematic Descriptions - Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part S Echinoderms 1 volume 2 Blastoids (), 396-445 (book/book chapter, English)
  • D. B. Macurda, Jr., 1967 - The Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Blastoids of Belgium - Journal of Paleontology (41), - (journal article, English)
  • J. Sprinkle, 1967 - Costatoblastus, a channel fill blastoid from the Sappington Formation of Montana - Journal of Paleontology (41), 385-401 (journal article, )
  • D. B. Macurda Jr., 1966 - The ontogeny of the Mississippian Blastoid Orophocrinus - Journal of Paleontology (40), 92-124 (journal article, English)
  • D. B. Macurda Jr., 1965 - The functional morphology and stratigraphic distribution of the Mississippian blastoid genus Orophocrinus - Journal of Paleontology (39), 1045-1096 (journal article, English)
  • D. B. Macurda, Jr., 1964 - A new spiraculate blastoid, Pyramiblastus,from the Mississippian Hampton Formation of Iowa - Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan (19), 105-114 (journal article, English)
  • D. B. Macurda, Jr, 1964 - Dentiblastus: A new blastoid genus from the Burlington Limestone (Mississippian) - Journal of Paleontology (38), 367-372 (journal article, English)
  • D. B. Macurda, 1964 - The Mississippian Blastoid Genera Phaenoschisma, Phaenoblastus and Conoschisma - Journal of Paleontology (38), 117-118 (journal article, English)
  • H. H. Beaver, 1961 - Auloblastus, a new blastoid from the Mississippian Burlington Limestone - Journal of Paleontology (35), 1113-1116 (journal article, English)
  • R.O. Fay, 1961 - The type species of Stephanocrinus Conrad - Oklahoma Geology Notes (21), 236-239 (journal article, English)
  • R. O. Fay, 1961 - Echinodermata. Article 3. Blastoid Studies - The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions (3), 1-147 (serial monograph, English)
  • H. H. Beaver, 1961 - Morphology of the blastoid Globoblastus norwoodi - Journal of Paleontology (35), 1103-1112 (journal article, English)
  • L. M. Cline, 1950 - The codaster alternatus-Codaster pyramidatus group of Blastoids from the Mid- Devonian of North America - Journal of Paleontology (24), 154-173 (journal article, English)
  • J. M. Crockford, 1940 - A Permian blastoid from Belford, New South Wales - Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (65), 167-170 (journal article, English)
  • L. M. Cline, 1937 - Blastoidsof the Osage Group, Mississippian: Part 2. The genus Cyptoblastus - Journal of Paleontology (11), 634-649 (journal article, English)
  • M. A. Stainbrook, 1937 - New echinoderms from the Devonian Cedar Valley Formation of Iowa - American Midland Naturalist (18), 899-904 (journal article, English)
  • J. Wanner, 1924 - Die Permian Blastoiden von Timor - Jaarbook van net Mijnwezen Nederlandes Oost-Indie, Verhandlungen, Jaargang 1922 (51), 163-233 (journal article, German)
  • F. B. Meek, 1869 - Remarks on the Blastoidea, with descriptions of new species - Proceedings of the Academy of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (21), 83-91 (journal article, English)
  • B. F. Shumard, 1856 - Notice of a new fossil Genus belonging to the family Blastoidea, from the Devonian strata near Louisville Kentucky - Procedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (8), 71-75 (journal article, English)