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Birnessite (Birnessit)

Pictures (5 Images total)

Leukophan, Birnessit
Views (File:
1312924508
): 4675
Leukophan, Birnessit
Leukophan auf Birnessit pseudomorph nach Serandit; Größe: 62x35 mm; Fundort: Poudrette Quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville Co., Québec, Kanada
Copyright: Rock Currier; Contribution: slugslayer
Collection: B. Baudin
Location: Kanada/Québec/Montérégie, Region/La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM/Mont Saint-Hilaire/Poudrette Quarry (Demix Quarry; Uni-Mix Quarry; Desourdy Quarry)
Mineral: Birnessite, Leucophanite
Image: 1312924508
Rating: 7 (votes: 3)
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Leukophan, Birnessit

Leukophan auf Birnessit pseudomorph nach Serandit; Größe: 62x35 mm; Fundort: Poudrette Quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville Co., Québec, Kanada
Collection: B. Baudin
Copyright: Rock Currier
Contribution: slugslayer 2011-08-09
Locality: Poudrette Quarry (Demix Quarry; Uni-Mix Quarry; Desourdy Quarry) / Mont Saint-Hilaire / La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM / Montérégie, Region / Québec / Kanada
Birnessit
Views (File:
1364296577
): 4432
Birnessit
Kugelige schwarze Kristalle, BB = 4,8 mm, Fundort: Grube Clara, Wolfach, Schwarzwald, Deutschland.
Copyright: Hannes Osterhammer; Contribution: Münchener Micromounter
Collection: Lithothek der Münchener Micromounter, Collection number: A026266, Donator: Manfred Früchtl
Location: Deutschland/Baden-Württemberg/Freiburg, Bezirk/Ortenaukreis/Oberwolfach/Grube Clara
Mineral: Birnessite
Image: 1364296577
Rating: 6.5 (votes: 2)
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Birnessit (SNr: A026266)

Kugelige schwarze Kristalle, BB = 4,8 mm, Fundort: Grube Clara, Wolfach, Schwarzwald, Deutschland.
Collection: Lithothek der Münchener Micromounter
Copyright: Hannes Osterhammer
Contribution: Münchener Micromounter 2013-03-26
Locality: Grube Clara / Oberwolfach / Ortenaukreis / Freiburg, Bezirk / Baden-Württemberg / Deutschland
Birnessit
Views (File:
1651130539
): 115
Birnessit
Birnessit vom Kunkskopf in der Eifel. Größe des Stückes etwa 36 mm x 26 mm.
Copyright: Klaus Schäfer; Contribution: Klaus Schäfer
Collection: Klaus Schäfer, Collection number: E-KK-Birn-3-1-1
Location: Deutschland/Rheinland-Pfalz/Ahrweiler, Landkreis/Brohltal, Verbandsgem./Wassenach/Kunkskopf
Mineral: Birnessite
Image: 1651130539
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Birnessit (SNr: E-KK-Birn-3-1-1)

Birnessit vom Kunkskopf in der Eifel. Größe des Stückes etwa 36 mm x 26 mm.
Collection: Klaus Schäfer
Copyright: Klaus Schäfer
Contribution: Klaus Schäfer 2022-04-28
Locality: Kunkskopf / Wassenach / Brohltal, Verbandsgem. / Ahrweiler, Landkreis / Rheinland-Pfalz / Deutschland
Birnessit
Views (File:
1670840454
): 29
Birnessit
Grube Clara, Oberwolfach; Bb 2,8 mm; Teil des Originalmaterials von Mader; Von Prof. Walenta bestimmt; Tauschmaterial von Broschek.
Copyright: Guy Heinen; Contribution: guyhein
Collection: Guy Heinen
Location: Deutschland/Baden-Württemberg/Freiburg, Bezirk/Ortenaukreis/Oberwolfach/Grube Clara
Mineral: Birnessite
Image: 1670840454
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Birnessit

Grube Clara, Oberwolfach; Bb 2,8 mm; Teil des Originalmaterials von Mader; Von Prof. Walenta bestimmt; Tauschmaterial von Broschek.
Collection: Guy Heinen
Copyright: Guy Heinen
Contribution: guyhein 2022-12-12
Locality: Grube Clara / Oberwolfach / Ortenaukreis / Freiburg, Bezirk / Baden-Württemberg / Deutschland
Birnessit
Views (File:
1587384001
): 1082
Birnessit
Birnessit; Kunkskopf,Eifel; BB: 2 mm
Copyright: Rockhounder; Contribution: Rockhounder
Collection: Rockhounder
Location: Deutschland/Rheinland-Pfalz/Ahrweiler, Landkreis/Brohltal, Verbandsgem./Wassenach/Kunkskopf
Mineral: Birnessite
Image: 1587384001
Rating: 1 (votes: 1)
License: Usage for Mineralienatlas project only
Birnessit

Birnessit; Kunkskopf,Eifel; BB: 2 mm
Collection: Rockhounder
Copyright: Rockhounder
Contribution: Rockhounder 2020-04-20
Locality: Kunkskopf / Wassenach / Brohltal, Verbandsgem. / Ahrweiler, Landkreis / Rheinland-Pfalz / Deutschland

You find additional Birnessit specimen at the Geolitho Museum

Collectors Summary

Color dunkelbraun, schwarz
Hardness (Mohs) 2.5
Solubility +++ HCl
Crystal System monoklin, C2/m

Additional information / Summary

In verschiedenen Veröffentlichungen wird Birnessit als monoklin (1990)[1] hexagonal (2001)[2] trigonal (2009)[3]angegeben.
Zu den Ursachen siehe Florence T. Ling; Jeffrey E. Post; Peter J. Heaney; Cara M. Santelli; Eugene S. Ilton; William D. Burgos; Arthur W. Rose: A multi-method characterization of natural terrestrial birnessites. American Mineralogist Vol.105, Nr. 6 (2020) S. 833-847.

Chemism

Chemical formula

(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O

Chemical composition

Calcium, Mangan, Natrium, Kalium, Sauerstoff, Wasserstoff

Unit weight: 218.733133672 u; Number of atoms in the formula: 11.1

Info

Empirical formula:

(Na0.6Ca0.3K0.1)0.6(Mn0.75Mn0.25)2O4·1.5H2O

Element

Symbol

Weight%

Atoms

Atoms%

Atom weight (u)

Sum weight (u)
Hydrogen

H

1.38

3

27.03

1.0079470

3.0238410
Oxygen

O

40.23

5.5

49.55

15.9994300

87.9968650
Sodium

Na

3.78

0.36

3.24

22.9897702

8.2763173
Potassium

K

1.07

0.06

0.54

39.0983100

2.3458986
Calcium

Ca

3.30

0.18

1.62

40.0784000

7.2141120
Manganese

Mn

50.23

2

18.02

54.9380499

109.8760998

Strunz 9th edition incl. updates

4.FL.45

4: Oxide, Hydroxide (Oxide, Hydroxide, V[5,6]-Vanadate, Arsenite, Antimonite, Bismutite, Sulfite, Selenite, Tellurite, Iodate)
F: Hydroxide (ohne V oder U)
L: Hydroxide mit H2O ± (OH); Lagen kantenverknüpfter Oktaeder
45:Birnessit-Gruppe

Lapis Classification

IV/F.11-030

IV: OXIDE
F: Hydroxide und oxidische Hydrate (wasserhaltige Oxide mit Schichtstruktur)

Classification by Hölzel

4.DF.320

4: OXIDES
D: Dioxides
F: Ramsdellite-Group

Dana 8th edition

07.05.03.01

07: Multiple Oxides
05: Multiple Oxides where A B X2

IMA status

Erstbeschreibung vor CNMNC-Gründung (1959), als Mineral meist anerkannt

Mineral status

anerkanntes Mineral

Optical Properties

Color

dunkelbraun, schwarz

Diaphaneity (Transparency)

teilweise opak

max. Birefringence

0.04
Birefringence chart\! Birnessite title=Birefringence chart Birnessite

Michel-Levy Color Chart viewed according to the maximum birefringence (at 30μm). Mineral color is not taken into account. Click on the image to enlarge or change thickness.

RI value α / ω / n

ω = ~1.73

RI value γ / ε

ε = ~1.69

Ri mean

1.717

2V angle

Pseudouniaxial (-)

Crystallography

Crystal System

monoklin

Class (H-M)

2/m

Space Group number

12

Space Group

C2/m

Cell parameters a (Å)

5.174

Cell parameters b (Å)

2.850

Cell parameters c (Å)

7.336

Cell parameters a/b or c/a

1.815

Cell parameters c/b

2.574

Cell parameters α

90°

Cell parameters β

103.18°

Cell parameters γ

90°

Z

1

Volumne (ų)

105.326

X-Ray Powder Diffraction

7.27(100),
3.60(20),
2.44(50),
1.412(50)
XRD chart Birnessite

Calculated from d-spacing and intensity at 0.1541838 nm (Cu)

Crystals 3D

Open larger view

Crystal Structure 3D

Open larger view

Physical Properties

Hardness (Mohs)

2.5

VHN (Hardness Vickers)

53 (ungefähre Angabe abgeleitet aus der Mohshärte)

Density (g/cm³)

3.377 (berechnet), 3 (gemessen)

3.448 ( ρ calc. Mineralienatlas )

Instability

+++ HCl

(Co-)Type locality

(Co-)Type locality

UK/Schottland/Aberdeenshire/Ellon/Birness

Preface

Author (Name, Year)

Jones & Milne, 1956

References

Post J E, Veblen D R - Crystal structure determinations of synthetic sodium, magnesium, and potassium birnessite using TEM and the Rietveld method - American Mineralogist 75 (1990), 477-489

Handbook of Mineralogy (Anthony et al.), 3 (1997), 58

C. Julien, J.P. Pereira- Ramos and A. Momchilov - New Trends in Intercalation Compounds for Energy Storage - NATO Science Series, II Mathemathics, Physics and Chemistry Vol. 61 (2001)

American Mineralogist 94 (2009), 816-826

Florence T. Ling; Jeffrey E. Post; Peter J. Heaney; Cara M. Santelli; Eugene S. Ilton; William D. Burgos; Arthur W. Rose: A multi-method characterization of natural terrestrial birnessites. American Mineralogist Vol.105, Nr. 6 (2020) S. 833-847.

Other languages

German

Birnessit

Spanish

Birnessita

French

Birnessite

English

Birnessite

Russian

Бернессит

Russian

Бёрнессит

Simplified Chinese

水钠锰矿

Japanese

ﾊﾞｰﾈｽ鉱

Alternative Name

Manganous Manganite

delta-MnO2

δ-MnO2

Japanese

バーネス鉱

Simplified Chinese

钠水锰矿

CNMNC symbol

Symbol

Bir

Locations with GPS information



 

Itemisation

  • 1. Post J E, Veblen D R - Crystal structure determinations of synthetic sodium, magnesium, and potassium birnessite using TEM and the Rietveld method - American Mineralogist 75 (1990), 477-489
  • 2. C. Julien, J.P. Pereira- Ramos and A. Momchilov - New Trends in Intercalation Compounds for Energy Storage - NATO Science Series, II Mathemathics, Physics and Chemistry Vol. 61 (2001)
  • 3. American Mineralogist 94 (2009), 816-826