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05. Apr. - Ta­tort Franken – Das stein­erne Grab der Rie­sen­lurche
10. Apr. - Min­er­alien­börse im Lausitz-Cen­ter in Hoy­er­sw­er­da
11. Apr. - Min­er­alien­börse im Lausitz-Cen­ter in Hoy­er­sw­er­da
11. Apr. - 23. Min­er­alien-IN­FO im Ahrn­tal - Südtirol
11. Apr. - Min­er­alien.- und Fos­silien­börse Rosen­heim - Auer Fes­thalle
12. Apr. - 31. Min­er­alien- und Fos­silien­samm­ler­börse Eg­gen­burg / AT
12. Apr. - Min­er­alien­börse Her­born-Merken­bach
17. Apr. - GERA: Bild­vor­trag „Der Ein­fluss Preußens auf den Berg­bau im
19. Apr. - 25. Bay­er­wald-Min­er­alien­börse Bad Kötzt­ing, DE
26. Apr. - 34. Min­er­alien- und Fos­silien­börse Arns­berg-Müschede, DE
09. May - 77. In­ter­na­tio­nale Min­er­alien­börse in Freiberg/Sach­sen
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Mineralienatlas (name for mineral atlas) is the platform for people interested in mineralogy, geology, palaeontology and mining since 2001. We operate a significant database for minerals, fossils, rocks and their localities. Mineralienatlas is not limited to a section. We bring together information and inform comprehensive.

To complete our information constantly, we need your support. With us, everyone can and should participate. Currently Mineralienatlas is used and expanded by 10530 members. Every month hundreds of thousands of visitors use our website as an information source.
 
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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Sym­me­trieele­menteBetrachtet man die Struktur von Kristallen, erkennt mam meistens verschiedene Arten von Symmetrien, wie Translationen, Spiegelungen oder Drehsymmetrien. Der Grund für das Auftreten dieser Symmetrien liegt darin, daß bestimmte Atomanordnungen in der Struktur besonders stabil sind; eine hohe Symmetrie erlaubt dann die ständige Wiederholung dieser besonders stabilen Konfigurationen in der Struktur.

Die Beschäftigung mit der Symmetrie von Kristallen in der Kristallographie ist aus mehreren Gründen besonders wichtig - Ein Beitrag von Erik Hock
Be­trachtet man die Struk­tur von Kris­tallen, erken­nt mam meis­tens ver­schie­dene Arten von Sym­me­trien, wie Trans­la­tio­nen, Spiegelun­gen oder Dreh­sym­me­trien. Der Grund für das Auftreten dies­er Sym­me­trien liegt darin, daß bes­timmte Ato­m­anord­nun­gen in der Struk­tur be­son­ders sta­bil sind; eine ho­he Sym­me­trie ... moreBetrachtet man die Struktur von Kristallen, erkennt mam meistens verschiedene Arten von Symmetrien, wie Translationen, Spiegelungen oder Drehsymmetrien. Der Grund für das Auftreten dieser Symmetrien liegt darin, daß bestimmte Atomanordnungen in der Struktur besonders stabil sind; eine hohe Symmetrie erlaubt dann die ständige Wiederholung dieser besonders stabilen Konfigurationen in der Struktur.

Die Beschäftigung mit der Symmetrie von Kristallen in der Kristallographie ist aus mehreren Gründen besonders wichtig - Ein Beitrag von Erik Hock
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Cop­per - one of the old­est me­t­als of mankindCopper was one of the first metals ever extracted and used by humans, and it has made vital contributions to sustaining and improving society since the dawn of civilization.
The metal and its alloys have been used for thousands of years. Copper was first used in coins and ornaments starting about 8000 B.C., and at about 5500 B.C., copper tools helped civilization emerge from the Stone Age. In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, hence the origin of the name of the metal as сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later shortened to сuprum.

The discovery that copper alloyed with tin produces bronze marked the beginning of the Bronze Age at about 3000 B.C.
Copper is easily stretched, molded, and shaped; is resistant to corrosion; and conducts heat and electricity efficiently. As a result, copper was important to early humans and continues to be a material of choice for a variety of domestic, industrial, and high-technology applications today.

Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) salts, which often impart blue or green colors to minerals such as azurite and malachite and have been widely used historically as pigments. ... a contribution by Peter Seroka
Cop­per was one of the first me­t­als ev­er ex­tract­ed and used by hu­mans, and it has made vi­tal con­tri­bu­tions to sus­tain­ing and im­prov­ing so­ci­e­ty since the dawn of civ­i­l­iza­tion.
The me­t­al and its al­loys have been used for thou­sands of years. Cop­per was first used in coins and or­na­ments start­ing about ... moreCopper was one of the first metals ever extracted and used by humans, and it has made vital contributions to sustaining and improving society since the dawn of civilization.
The metal and its alloys have been used for thousands of years. Copper was first used in coins and ornaments starting about 8000 B.C., and at about 5500 B.C., copper tools helped civilization emerge from the Stone Age. In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, hence the origin of the name of the metal as сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later shortened to сuprum.

The discovery that copper alloyed with tin produces bronze marked the beginning of the Bronze Age at about 3000 B.C.
Copper is easily stretched, molded, and shaped; is resistant to corrosion; and conducts heat and electricity efficiently. As a result, copper was important to early humans and continues to be a material of choice for a variety of domestic, industrial, and high-technology applications today.

Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) salts, which often impart blue or green colors to minerals such as azurite and malachite and have been widely used historically as pigments. ... a contribution by Peter Seroka
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San José Mine, Oruro, Bo­liviaDo you know El Tio, the ruler of the underworld? In January 2012 Stefan Schorn, administrator of mineralienatlas.de, had the chance to visit the Bolivian San José Mine. In his article he tells us about the history of the mine and shows us with over 60 pictures this adventuresome trip inside the mine. (Article in German)
Do you know El Tio, the ruler of the un­der­world? In Jan­uary 2012 Ste­fan Schorn, ad­min­is­tra­tor of min­er­alie­nat­las.de, had the chance to vis­it the Bo­li­vian San José Mine. In his ar­ti­cle he tells us about the his­to­ry of the mine and shows us with over 60 pic­tures this ad­ven­ture­some trip in­side the mine ... moreDo you know El Tio, the ruler of the underworld? In January 2012 Stefan Schorn, administrator of mineralienatlas.de, had the chance to visit the Bolivian San José Mine. In his article he tells us about the history of the mine and shows us with over 60 pictures this adventuresome trip inside the mine. (Article in German)
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Ge­ol­o­gisch­es Por­trait - Wüste In kulturhistorischer Hinsicht spielte die Wüste seit der Antike eine wichtige Rolle in der europäischen Historiographie und Literatur. Einerseits symbolisierte die Wüste seit Herodot das Fremde und Andersartige, das sich dem europäischen Zugriff entzog. Andererseits bot die Wüste aber auch Rückzugsmöglichkeiten. Insbesondere durch die Bibel (Auszug aus Ägypten der Israeliten, Versuchungen Christi) und die spätere hagiographische Literatur (Eremiten) wurde ein Bild der Wüste nach Europa transportiert, das im Kern bis heute fortwirkt. Durch die Domestizierung des Dromedars gelang es dem Menschen, tiefer in die großen Wüsten vorzudringen und zu durchqueren. Dadurch konnte die Wüste zum Lebensraum des Menschen werden, welchen es gelang, diesen Einöden Lebensunterhalt für sich und ihre Tiere abzugewinnen... Ein Beitrag von Peter Seroka
In kul­turhis­torisch­er Hin­sicht spielte die Wüste seit der An­tike eine wichtige Rolle in der eu­ropäischen His­to­ri­o­gra­phie und Lit­er­a­tur. Ein­er­seits sym­bolisierte die Wüste seit Hero­dot das Fremde und An­der­sartige, das sich dem eu­ropäischen Zu­griff ent­zog. An­der­er­seits bot die Wüste aber auch Rück­zugs ... moreIn kulturhistorischer Hinsicht spielte die Wüste seit der Antike eine wichtige Rolle in der europäischen Historiographie und Literatur. Einerseits symbolisierte die Wüste seit Herodot das Fremde und Andersartige, das sich dem europäischen Zugriff entzog. Andererseits bot die Wüste aber auch Rückzugsmöglichkeiten. Insbesondere durch die Bibel (Auszug aus Ägypten der Israeliten, Versuchungen Christi) und die spätere hagiographische Literatur (Eremiten) wurde ein Bild der Wüste nach Europa transportiert, das im Kern bis heute fortwirkt. Durch die Domestizierung des Dromedars gelang es dem Menschen, tiefer in die großen Wüsten vorzudringen und zu durchqueren. Dadurch konnte die Wüste zum Lebensraum des Menschen werden, welchen es gelang, diesen Einöden Lebensunterhalt für sich und ihre Tiere abzugewinnen... Ein Beitrag von Peter Seroka
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Min­er­al por­trait gar­netThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
This por­trait main­ly deals with the 6 clas­sic gar­nets, their amaz­ing his­to­ry, the world’s best known clas­sic and mod­ern lo­cal­i­ties and de­posits and their use as a gems or abra­sives. It al­so deals with the com­mon be­lief re­lat­ed to the non-ex­is­tence of blue gar­nets and its refu­ta­tion proven by new ... moreThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
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Red lay­erIn 1978 the US - American geologist Walter Alvarez gained a narrow pattern red clay in the Italian Apennines and certain age these samples to approximately 65 million years , ie at the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period. This very thin lime- clay layer lies between two calcareous sediments and showed a different fossil record , which to a mass extinction ( faunal ) hinted .

While further analysis Alvarez noted a high iridium concentrations; a typical ... An article by Peter Seroka (written in german)
In 1978 the US - Amer­i­can ge­ol­o­gist Wal­ter Al­varez gained a nar­row pat­tern red clay in the Italian Apen­nines and cer­tain age th­ese sam­ples to ap­prox­i­mate­ly 65 mil­lion years , ie at the end of the Cre­ta­ceous pe­ri­od and the be­gin­n­ing of the Ter­tiary pe­ri­od. This very thin lime- clay lay­er lies be­tween ... moreIn 1978 the US - American geologist Walter Alvarez gained a narrow pattern red clay in the Italian Apennines and certain age these samples to approximately 65 million years , ie at the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period. This very thin lime- clay layer lies between two calcareous sediments and showed a different fossil record , which to a mass extinction ( faunal ) hinted .

While further analysis Alvarez noted a high iridium concentrations; a typical ... An article by Peter Seroka (written in german)
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Min­er­al por­trait Baryt (in ger­man)In the late Middle Ages massive amount of Baryt which phosphoresced when it was gently heated, were discovered in Italy. This stone was named after its place of discovery "Pietra fosforica di Bologna" (phosphorescent Bologna stone) and was of great interest to alchemists. Although the name baryte has been assigned centuries later, it may be assumed that the Bologna stone is the first description in the literature. A portrait about this famous mineral by Peter Seroka.
In the late Mid­dle Ages mas­sive amount of Baryt which phos­phoresced when it was gent­ly heat­ed, were dis­cov­ered in Ita­ly. This stone was named af­ter its place of dis­cov­ery "Pi­e­tra fos­for­i­ca di Bolog­na" (phos­phores­cent Bolog­na stone) and was of great in­ter­est to al­chemists. Al­though the name baryte ha ... moreIn the late Middle Ages massive amount of Baryt which phosphoresced when it was gently heated, were discovered in Italy. This stone was named after its place of discovery "Pietra fosforica di Bologna" (phosphorescent Bologna stone) and was of great interest to alchemists. Although the name baryte has been assigned centuries later, it may be assumed that the Bologna stone is the first description in the literature. A portrait about this famous mineral by Peter Seroka.
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