Mineralienatlas (name for mineral atlas) is the platform for people interested in mineralogy, geology, palaeontology and mining since 2001. We operate a significant database for minerals, fossils, rocks and their localities. Mineralienatlas is not limited to a section. We bring together information and inform comprehensive.

To complete our information constantly, we need your support. With us, everyone can and should participate. Currently Mineralienatlas is used and expanded by 10531 members. Every month hundreds of thousands of visitors use our website as an information source.
 
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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Ear­ly be­fore Py­ro­mor­phite got its name, Py­ro­mor­phite was known as Grün-, Braun-, Bunt­bleierz or Po­lychrom. Best spec­i­men are known from Freiberg, Clausthal, Dorn­bach and Pri­bram adorned the former Min­er­als cabi­nets of Jo­hann Richter, Karl Pabst von Ohain, Chris­tian Lud­wig Stieglitz, Car­o­line Louise ... moreEarly before Pyromorphite got its name, Pyromorphite was known as Grün-, Braun-, Buntbleierz or Polychrom. Best specimen are known from Freiberg, Clausthal, Dornbach and Pribram adorned the former Minerals cabinets of Johann Richter, Karl Pabst von Ohain, Christian Ludwig Stieglitz, Caroline Louise of Baden, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Abraham Gottlob Werner, Ignaz von Born, Sigmund Zois and other prominent collectors of the 18th to early 19th century. The first chemical analysis undertook M. H. Klaproth in 1784; the name Pyromorphit, from the Greek "pyro" for fire and "Morpho" for form, was of J.F.L. Hausmann 1813 awarded. The reason for this peculiar ... An article by Peter Seroka in german language
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This is the most com­pre­hen­sive syn­op­sis re­lat­ed to the his­to­ry, the min­er­al­o­gy, the ex­ploi­ta­tion and the most ac­tu­al eco­nom­ic and po­lit­i­cal re­sumé on rare earth el­e­ments and their min­er­als to be found in the in­ter­net. REE be­long to the most im­por­tant raw ma­te­rials of the 21st cen­tu­ry, which are used ... moreThis is the most comprehensive synopsis related to the history, the mineralogy, the exploitation and the most actual economic and political resumé on rare earth elements and their minerals to be found in the internet. REE belong to the most important raw materials of the 21st century, which are used in a large number of key technologies. However, due to the fact that almost 97% of the world's REE are mined and produced in China, REE have become an ongoing political issue, mainly amongst technology providing countries like the US, Japan and Western Europe.

This portrait tries to explain the characteristics of REE and their role for our modern world. Written and investigated by Peter Seroka. (Article in german)
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Min­er­al por­trait gar­netThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
This por­trait main­ly deals with the 6 clas­sic gar­nets, their amaz­ing his­to­ry, the world’s best known clas­sic and mod­ern lo­cal­i­ties and de­posits and their use as a gems or abra­sives. It al­so deals with the com­mon be­lief re­lat­ed to the non-ex­is­tence of blue gar­nets and its refu­ta­tion proven by new ... moreThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
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... 1922 er­wer­ben die "Süd­deutsche Flußs­patw­erke GmbH", Nab­burg das Aus­beuterecht der Plan­Nr. 706 vom Bauer Xaver Wil­helm in Stulln und suchen hi­er nach Flußs­pat un­ter Grube Stull­n­er Berg II. Dies war der An­satz für die En­twick­lung des Berg­baus auf dem später so ge­nan­n­ten Er­na-Gang.
1929 kom­men die ... more... 1922 erwerben die "Süddeutsche Flußspatwerke GmbH", Nabburg das Ausbeuterecht der PlanNr. 706 vom Bauer Xaver Wilhelm in Stulln und suchen hier nach Flußspat unter Grube Stullner Berg II. Dies war der Ansatz für die Entwicklung des Bergbaus auf dem später so genannten Erna-Gang.
1929 kommen die "Süddeutsche Flußspatwerke GmbH", Nabburg infolge der schlechten Absatzlage in Zahlungsschwierigkeiten, der Betrieb wird stillgelegt und Konkurs angemeldet.
1933 erwirbt Eduard Montag, der letzte Betriebsleiter der Süddeutschen Flußspatwerke, aus der Konkursmasse von die Firma "Süddeutschen Flußspatwerke GmbH" den Untersuchungsbetrieb auf PlanNr. 706. Eduard Montag kauft einen 25 PS Dieselmotor und einen Kompressor und teuft einen Schacht bis auf 70 m ab und beginnt mit der Flußspatförderung. Die Grube bekam den Namen seiner Frau "Erna".
1934 errichtet Montag auch eine Flußspatwäsche ... Ein Beitrag von Michael Kommer
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Die Primärelek­tro­nen des Elek­tro­nen­s­trahl stoßen Elek­tro­nen aus kern­na­hen Schalen der Atome der Probe her­aus. In die so ent­s­tan­de­nen Lück­en fall­en Elek­tro­nen aus weit­er vom Atom­k­ern ent­fer­nt lie­gen­den Elek­tro­nen­schalen. Die En­ergied­if­ferenz zwischen den bei­den hier­bei beteiligten Elek­tro­nen­schalen k ... moreDie Primärelektronen des Elektronenstrahl stoßen Elektronen aus kernnahen Schalen der Atome der Probe heraus. In die so entstandenen Lücken fallen Elektronen aus weiter vom Atomkern entfernt liegenden Elektronenschalen. Die Energiedifferenz zwischen den beiden hierbei beteiligten Elektronenschalen kann als "Charakteristische Röntgenstrahlung" emittiert werden und ist für jedes Element anders (die ebenfalls entstehende Röntgen-Bremsstrahlung interessiert hier nicht, wird aber in den Auswertungen berücksichtigt). Die Auswertung des Röntgenspektrums (Energie-Häufigkeits-Verteilung) erlaubt es, die Elementzusammensetzung einer Probe zu identifizieren und über die Intensität zu quantifizieren. Dazu wird die Röntgenstrahlung hinsichtlich ihrer Energie analysiert und die jeweilige Intensität der Spektrallinien gemessen. Da die Energie der Röntgenstrahlung von der Ordnungszahl der Atome abhängt (Moseley'sches Gesetz), kann anhand der Röntgenspektren auf die ... Ein Beitrag von Berthold Weber und Frank M.
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