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Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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... Der Er­stere, der edle To­pas, ist durch­sichtig und durch­schei­nend, von starkem Glas­glanze, und am häu­fig­sten von gel­ber, be­son­ders wein­gel­ber, Farbe, aber auch wasser­hell, graulich-, grün­lich- und gel­blich­weiß, oder Berg- und Se­la­don­grün. Bei dem Säch­sischen ist die wein­gelbe Farbe die herrschend ... more... Der Erstere, der edle Topas, ist durchsichtig und durchscheinend, von starkem Glasglanze, und am häufigsten von gelber, besonders weingelber, Farbe, aber auch wasserhell, graulich-, grünlich- und gelblichweiß, oder Berg- und Seladongrün. Bei dem Sächsischen ist die weingelbe Farbe die herrschende und von allen Graden der Höhe; bei dem brasilianischen die honiggelbe. Die Übergänge ins rosenrothe, meergrüne, bläuliche etc. sind oft nur schwach, doch so merklich, daß man sie gewahrt. Er kommt gewöhnlich als vier= oder achtseitige Säule vor, die beim Brasilianischen mit vier, sechs auch acht Flächen zugespitzt, beim Sächsischen aber meistentheils mit einer sechsseitigen Fläche abgestumpft ist. Die Seitenflächen der Kristalle sind stets in der Länge gestreift; die übrigen Flächen aber glatt. Der Querbruch ist gerad= und vollkommenblättrig, der Längenbruch hingegen kleinmuschlig. In der Härte folgt er auf den Saphir und ritzt den Bergkristall... Ein Beitrag von Peter Seroka
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Olivine is not a se­parate min­er­al, but a mem­ber be­long­ing to the fors­terite-fay­alite mix­ing se­ries. Olivine be­longs to the olivin-groupe whose end-mem­bers are cal­cio-olivine and tephroite. Fors­terite is a mag­ne­si­um sil­i­cate; fay­alite an iron sil­i­cate. If com­mon­ly is spo­ken of olivine, it is usu­al­ly ... moreOlivine is not a separate mineral, but a member belonging to the forsterite-fayalite mixing series. Olivine belongs to the olivin-groupe whose end-members are calcio-olivine and tephroite. Forsterite is a magnesium silicate; fayalite an iron silicate. If commonly is spoken of olivine, it is usually a more or less iron-rich forsterite. The color of olivine is generally yellowish green, olive green to black. You will find much more interesting details in our portrait about this common mineral series.

Written and investigated by Peter Seroka. (Article in german)
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Be­cause of its form, col­or and trans­paren­cy, Beryl has al­ways fas­ci­nat­ed peo­ple. Emer­alds, aqua­marines, he­lio­dors and mor­ganites were and are used for the man­u­fac­ture of jew­el­ry be­cause of their beau­ty. The com­mon beryl is the main source of the me­t­al beryl­li­um; 80 % of beryl­li­um ore is mined in the ... moreBecause of its form, color and transparency, Beryl has always fascinated people. Emeralds, aquamarines, heliodors and morganites were and are used for the manufacture of jewelry because of their beauty. The common beryl is the main source of the metal beryllium; 80 % of beryllium ore is mined in the United States. The largest known crystal reached a length of 18 m.

This lavishly researched and very comprehensive portrait by the author Peter Seroka relates to history, name origin, causes of color, occurrences , paragenesis and the use of this mineral and its varieties. Subchapters with numerous photographs and drawings deal with the extraordinary beauty of the mineral. Each chapter itself is a separate portrait of a distinctive variety and its characteristics, occurrences, use and history.

(Full text in German)
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In­di­ca­tor stoneA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
A Scan­di­na­vian in­di­ca­tor stone is a gla­cial er­rat­ic com­posed of a char­ac­teris­tic rock type de­rived from a small known source area in Scan­di­navia. This term not on­ly ap­plies to ig­neous and me­ta­mor­ph­ic rocks but al­so to some sed­i­men­tary rocks. The Jot­nian Sand­s­tone and most of the Palaeo­zoic lime­s­tone ... moreA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
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Sider­it war neben Hä­matit, Li­monit, Goethit und Mag­netit im­mer eines der wichtig­sten Eisen­erze, wobei es kaum nachvol­lzie­h­bar ist, welch­es dies­er spez­i­fischen Min­erale zu ein­er bes­timmten Zeit ver­hüt­tet wurde - ausgenom­men, die Über­reste urgeschichtlich­er bis an­tik­er und mit­te­lal­ter­lich­er Eisen­gewin ... moreSiderit war neben Hämatit, Limonit, Goethit und Magnetit immer eines der wichtigsten Eisenerze, wobei es kaum nachvollziehbar ist, welches dieser spezifischen Minerale zu einer bestimmten Zeit verhüttet wurde - ausgenommen, die Überreste urgeschichtlicher bis antiker und mittelalterlicher Eisengewinnung sind eng an ein spezifisches Siderit-Vorkommen gebunden.

Im Grunde genommen gibt es für Siderit keine eigene Geschichte, es sei denn, man erforscht sie mit einem interdisziplinären Ansatz im Zusammenspiel von Ethnologen, Montanhistorikern, Geologen und Ingenieuren. Ein Mineralienportrait geschrieben von Peter Seroka
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