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In­di­ca­tor stoneA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
A Scan­di­na­vian in­di­ca­tor stone is a gla­cial er­rat­ic com­posed of a char­ac­teris­tic rock type de­rived from a small known source area in Scan­di­navia. This term not on­ly ap­plies to ig­neous and me­ta­mor­ph­ic rocks but al­so to some sed­i­men­tary rocks. The Jot­nian Sand­s­tone and most of the Palaeo­zoic lime­s­tone ... moreA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
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Der Grand Cany­on ist eine stark ab­fal­l­ende Sch­lucht die sich auf ein­er Länge von 450 km im Bun­des­taat Ari­zon der Vereinigten Staat­en von Ameri­ka er­streckt. Der Grand Cany­on ist ein­er der best er­forscht­en Auf­sch­lüsse, den­noch sind die Ent­ste­hung und die dafür benötigten Zeiträume nicht vol­lends gek­lä ... moreDer Grand Canyon ist eine stark abfallende Schlucht die sich auf einer Länge von 450 km im Bundestaat Arizon der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika erstreckt. Der Grand Canyon ist einer der best erforschten Aufschlüsse, dennoch sind die Entstehung und die dafür benötigten Zeiträume nicht vollends geklärt. In der Zweitspann von 65 bis 20 Millionen Jahren (Ma) wurde das Kaibab Plateau an dessem südwestlichem Rand der Grand Canyon liegt auf bis zu 3000m über den Meeresspeigel angehoben. Nach einer Phase der Erosion in der nahezu vollständig die im Mesozoikum abgelagerten Sedimente weg erodierten begann der Ur-Colorade sich durch die verbliebenen Schichten zu graben. Nach heutigem Stand benötigte der Colorado wenige Millionen Jahre um den heutigen Grand Canyon freizulegen. Die Erosion in die Tiefe erfolgte dabei in den letzten 2 Ma.
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Als Bes­tim­mungs­merk­mal fall­en zwei­far­bige Ein­sprenglinge (blau­grau und rosarot) auf, die allerd­ings auch in der Variante RP26 vorkom­men. Das wichtig­ste Kri­teri­um, um diese bei­den Varian­ten au­sei­nan­der hal­ten zu kön­nen, sind die in der in­tru­siv­en Variante vorhan­de­nen, sch­malen Zonierun­gen, welche die ... moreAls Bestimmungsmerkmal fallen zweifarbige Einsprenglinge (blaugrau und rosarot) auf, die allerdings auch in der Variante RP26 vorkommen. Das wichtigste Kriterium, um diese beiden Varianten auseinander halten zu können, sind die in der intrusiven Variante vorhandenen, schmalen Zonierungen, welche die blaugrauen Kristalle dünn umschließen. Generell finden sich 2 Arten von Einsprenglingen in der intrusiven Variante: 1. kleine, zerbrochen wirkende rosarote und 2. größere, blaugraue mit schmaler Zonierung, welche die gleiche Farbe aufweist, wie die der Kleineren Einsprenglinge. ... Ein Beitrag von Jörg-Florian J.
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... Das Zähl­rohr beste­ht in der Regel aus einem beid­seitig abgeschlosse­nen Rohrstück, welch­es en­twed­er aus einem elek­trisch lei­t­en­den Ma­te­rial (Me­t­all), oder aus elek­trisch isolieren­dem Ma­te­rial (z.B. Glas), das je­doch in­nen elek­trisch lei­t­end beschichtet sein muss, hergestellt ist. In seinem In­nere ... more... Das Zählrohr besteht in der Regel aus einem beidseitig abgeschlossenen Rohrstück, welches entweder aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material (Metall), oder aus elektrisch isolierendem Material (z.B. Glas), das jedoch innen elektrisch leitend beschichtet sein muss, hergestellt ist. In seinem Inneren befindet sich von der elektrisch leitfähigen Außenwand isoliert ein dünner Zähldraht. Dabei stellt der besagte Zähldraht die Anode, das Zählrohrgehäuse die Kathode dar. Befüllt ist der Zwischenraum mit einem Zählgas, welches das eigentliche Detektorvolumen (für Korpuskelstrahlung) darstellt.

Weiterhin unterscheidet man mehrere Bautypen von ...
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Ara­g­onite is a cal­ci­um car­bo­nate, chem­i­cal­ly iden­ti­cal with calcite. The min­er­al calcite, how­ev­er, dif­fers from Ara­g­onite due to its in­ter­nal crys­tal struc­ture. While the crys­tal sys­tem of calcite is trig­o­n­al, the sys­tem of ara­g­onite is rhom­bic. Dense mass­es of small ara­g­onite crys­tals are dif­fi­cul ... moreAragonite is a calcium carbonate, chemically identical with calcite. The mineral calcite, however, differs from Aragonite due to its internal crystal structure. While the crystal system of calcite is trigonal, the system of aragonite is rhombic. Dense masses of small aragonite crystals are difficult to distinguish from calcite, but they are larger, they show a distinct habit.

A lot of chapters in this portrait will give you much more details about this interesting mineral. Written and investigated by Peter Seroka. (Article in german)
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