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Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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In­di­ca­tor stoneA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
A Scan­di­na­vian in­di­ca­tor stone is a gla­cial er­rat­ic com­posed of a char­ac­teris­tic rock type de­rived from a small known source area in Scan­di­navia. This term not on­ly ap­plies to ig­neous and me­ta­mor­ph­ic rocks but al­so to some sed­i­men­tary rocks. The Jot­nian Sand­s­tone and most of the Palaeo­zoic lime­s­tone ... moreA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
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Türkis ist ein­er der äl­testen Edel­steine der Men­sch­heits­geschichte und wurde schon vor dem Jahre 5.000 v.Chr. von den al­ten Ägyptern als Sch­muck­stück und für Ein­legear­beit­en ver­wen­det. Die vi­er Gold-Arm­bän­der auf dem mu­mi­fizierten Arm der Köni­gin Zar (Ehe­frau des zweit­en Herrsch­ers der Er­sten Dy­nast ... moreTürkis ist einer der ältesten Edelsteine der Menschheitsgeschichte und wurde schon vor dem Jahre 5.000 v.Chr. von den alten Ägyptern als Schmuckstück und für Einlegearbeiten verwendet. Die vier Gold-Armbänder auf dem mumifizierten Arm der Königin Zar (Ehefrau des zweiten Herrschers der Ersten Dynastie, 3032-3000 v.Chr.) sind mit Türkis belegt. Berühmt sind auch die mit Türkis ausgelegte Totenmaske von Tutenchamun und die vielen weiteren Beigaben (Halsbänder, e.g. Pektorale) aus seinem Grab. Ab der Zeit der ersten ägyptischen Dynastien wurde Türkis dann über 2000 Jahre lang von ägyptischen Sklaven aus den Maghara-Wadi-Gruben auf der Halbinsel Sinai geschürft. Er war so begehrt, dass im gleichen Zeitraum Imitationen aus Fayence hergestellt wurden, d.h. glasiertes Steingut, das so eingefärbt werden konnte, dass es Türkis ähnelte ... Ein Beitrag von Peter Seroka
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... 1804 schreibt Prof. Dr. Ge­org A. Bertele über Uran­glim­mer und 1805 Mathias Flurl über zeisig­grünem Uran­glim­mer, beide schriftlichen Hin­weise und auch die Flu­o­rit­stufen aus den Samm­lun­gen von Abra­ham Gott­lob Wern­er und Jo­hann Wolf­gang von Goethe sind kein Be­weis dafür, dass der Flußs­pat­berg­bau im ... more... 1804 schreibt Prof. Dr. Georg A. Bertele über Uranglimmer und 1805 Mathias Flurl über zeisiggrünem Uranglimmer, beide schriftlichen Hinweise und auch die Fluoritstufen aus den Sammlungen von Abraham Gottlob Werner und Johann Wolfgang von Goethe sind kein Beweis dafür, dass der Flußspatbergbau im Wölsendorfer Revier schon in der Zeit um 1800 – 1810 begonnen hat, da muss ich Dr. Heinz Ziehr wiedersprechen und auch das handgeschriebene Etikett aus der Fürstenbergsammlung, Donaueschingen, aus der Zeit zwischen 1800 und 1820 ist kein Beleg dafür das hier schon Flußspatbergbau umgegangen ist, denn gesammelt wurde von einer bestimmten Personengruppe schon immer und dazu "musste" ein Stück von Welsenberg (das Dorf Welsenberg (Wölsenberg) ist damit gemeint) gehören, die ohne weiteres am Hang zur Naab hin, am Naabranken und am Ausbiss des Rolandganges, gefunden werden ... Ein Beitrag von Michael Kommer
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The min­er­al por­trait flu­o­rit is based on the book "SERO­KA, P.; 2001: FLU­O­RIT - Dat­en - Fak­ten - Weltweite Vorkom­men"; a de­tailed and ex­haus­tive in­for­ma­tion on the min­er­al's char­ac­teris­tics, the crys­tal forms, crys­tal growth and the dif­fer­ent ag­gre­gates and pseu­do­mor­phos­es.

Spe­cial chapters deal ... moreThe mineral portrait fluorit is based on the book "SEROKA, P.; 2001: FLUORIT - Daten - Fakten - Weltweite Vorkommen"; a detailed and exhaustive information on the mineral's characteristics, the crystal forms, crystal growth and the different aggregates and pseudomorphoses.

Special chapters deal with the fluorite deposits and global settings, the mining of fluorspar and ore processing; One chapter shows the development of fluorite collecting in the past and now.

The most comprehensive part of the book is dedicated to the mineral's worldwide deposits, describing the best known old, classic and modern occurrences in 96 countries . A great number of mineral and mining photographs accompany each chapter, showing the characteristics of most fluorites from a specific deposit.

(Full text in German)
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De­posits are one of the most im­por­tant top­ics in ge­ol­o­gy. Peter Sero­ka has ad­dressed the is­sue in sev­er­al years of work and has writ­ten an up-to-date ge­o­log­i­cal sum­mary. He ded­i­cat­ed his work to the 15 th an­niver­sary of Min­er­alie­nat­las. The work gives de­tailed in­for­ma­tion re­gard­ing the ori­gin of d ... moreDeposits are one of the most important topics in geology. Peter Seroka has addressed the issue in several years of work and has written an up-to-date geological summary. He dedicated his work to the 15 th anniversary of Mineralienatlas. The work gives detailed information regarding the origin of deposits, the different types of deposits and their classification. Examples of economically important deposits complete the chapters. Provided that this comprehensive work would be printed it would be a volume of over 400 pages; here it is provided in its entirety, online. Thanks to Peter Seroka. (written in german language).
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