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Mineralien Kalender
17. May - Gera, Mu­se­um für Na­turkunde: Ausstel­lungseröff­nung
21. May - 29. In­ter­na­tio­nale Jahres­ta­gung Geo­Top der Fach­sek­tion Geo­to
06. June - GERA: „Min­er­alien­tr­eff im Ju­ni“
07. June - 4. Fest der edlen Steine im Rit­tergut Treb­sen/Sach­sen
13. June - Min­er­alien­börse in Knit­telfeld
14. June - Min­er­alien­börse im Fin­d­lings­park Nocht­en
21. June - Min­er­alien­börse
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Griechenland/Attika (Attikí, Attica)/East Attica/Lavreotiki/Lavrion (Laurion), Bergbaudistrikt/Km 3, Revier/Km 3 Minen/Km 3 Tagebau
 
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Mineralien Kalender
17. May - Gera, Mu­se­um für Na­turkunde: Ausstel­lungseröff­nung
21. May - 29. In­ter­na­tio­nale Jahres­ta­gung Geo­Top der Fach­sek­tion Geo­to
06. June - GERA: „Min­er­alien­tr­eff im Ju­ni“
07. June - 4. Fest der edlen Steine im Rit­tergut Treb­sen/Sach­sen
13. June - Min­er­alien­börse in Knit­telfeld
14. June - Min­er­alien­börse im Fin­d­lings­park Nocht­en
21. June - Min­er­alien­börse
Calender
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Mineralienatlas (name for mineral atlas) is the platform for people interested in mineralogy, geology, palaeontology and mining since 2001. We operate a significant database for minerals, fossils, rocks and their localities. Mineralienatlas is not limited to a section. We bring together information and inform comprehensive.

To complete our information constantly, we need your support. With us, everyone can and should participate. Currently Mineralienatlas is used and expanded by 10586 members. Every month hundreds of thousands of visitors use our website as an information source.
 
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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Sil­ver - min­er­al­o­gy, min­ing and his­to­rySilver and silver minerals are amongst the most desirabe objects since the beginning of mineral collecting. Silver wires and curls from Kongsberg and Freiberg are the coronation of each mineral collection. Beautiful pyrargyrites and proustites enhance each collector's heatbeat.

However, silver is not only the essence of high-end collecting but has contributed essentially to the history of mankind. Uncountable remain the millions of greek and phenician slaves, middle age european miners and millions of indios who have left their lives for silver.

Silver is one of the seven metals known since thousands of years, already been mentioned in the bible. Mountains of slag in Asia Minor, Arabia and on the agaen islands prove technologies to produce silver from lead ore; knowledges people had been acquainted with since at least 4.000 year B.C. Since the antiquity silver had been used to make finery and ornaments, however, most of this metal was used to stamp coins. The monetary system of many countries was based on silver; the one, who owned silver, was able to finance wars. One of the main pillars of power of Athens, Rome, the Phenicians, the church, the kings and queens of Castilia, the Austrian house of Habsburg and, last not least, of the Americans had been their control over the richest silver mines and the wars, which they made by paying their soldiery with silver coins.
Sil­ver and sil­ver min­er­als are amongst the most de­sir­abe ob­jects since the be­gin­n­ing of min­er­al col­lect­ing. Sil­ver wires and curls from Kongs­berg and Freiberg are the coro­na­tion of each min­er­al col­lec­tion. Beau­ti­ful pyrar­gyrites and proustites en­hance each col­lec­tor's heat­beat.

How­ev­er, sil­ver is ... moreSilver and silver minerals are amongst the most desirabe objects since the beginning of mineral collecting. Silver wires and curls from Kongsberg and Freiberg are the coronation of each mineral collection. Beautiful pyrargyrites and proustites enhance each collector's heatbeat.

However, silver is not only the essence of high-end collecting but has contributed essentially to the history of mankind. Uncountable remain the millions of greek and phenician slaves, middle age european miners and millions of indios who have left their lives for silver.

Silver is one of the seven metals known since thousands of years, already been mentioned in the bible. Mountains of slag in Asia Minor, Arabia and on the agaen islands prove technologies to produce silver from lead ore; knowledges people had been acquainted with since at least 4.000 year B.C. Since the antiquity silver had been used to make finery and ornaments, however, most of this metal was used to stamp coins. The monetary system of many countries was based on silver; the one, who owned silver, was able to finance wars. One of the main pillars of power of Athens, Rome, the Phenicians, the church, the kings and queens of Castilia, the Austrian house of Habsburg and, last not least, of the Americans had been their control over the richest silver mines and the wars, which they made by paying their soldiery with silver coins.
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Min­er­al por­trait gar­netThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
This por­trait main­ly deals with the 6 clas­sic gar­nets, their amaz­ing his­to­ry, the world’s best known clas­sic and mod­ern lo­cal­i­ties and de­posits and their use as a gems or abra­sives. It al­so deals with the com­mon be­lief re­lat­ed to the non-ex­is­tence of blue gar­nets and its refu­ta­tion proven by new ... moreThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
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In­clu­sionsInclusions are inside the crystal enclosed foreign materials like liquids, gases, hydrocarbons (oil, asphalt), sediment, NaCl, as well as other minerals or crystals. Inclusions can be a sort of fingerprint of the place of dicovery. Thus inclusions show us under which geologic conditions minerals had formed. This allows conclusions on the place of discovery.

The article deals with the different kinds of inclusions, her conditions of build, which minerals do often have inclusions and how they appear.

(Full text in german)
In­clu­sions are in­side the crys­tal en­closed for­eign ma­te­rials like liquids, gas­es, hy­dro­car­bons (oil, as­phalt), sed­i­ment, Na­Cl, as well as other min­er­als or crys­tals. In­clu­sions can be a sort of fin­ger­print of the place of di­cov­ery. Thus in­clu­sions show us un­der which ge­o­log­ic con­di­tions min­er­als had ... moreInclusions are inside the crystal enclosed foreign materials like liquids, gases, hydrocarbons (oil, asphalt), sediment, NaCl, as well as other minerals or crystals. Inclusions can be a sort of fingerprint of the place of dicovery. Thus inclusions show us under which geologic conditions minerals had formed. This allows conclusions on the place of discovery.

The article deals with the different kinds of inclusions, her conditions of build, which minerals do often have inclusions and how they appear.

(Full text in german)
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Die Felsen­wege von St. Ar­nu­al bei Saar­brück­enIm Saarland ist der in Oberer, Mittlerer und Unterer Teil geteilte Buntsandstein, der frühesten Abteilung der Trias, nur mit den beiden jüngeren Stufen vertreten. Der Untere Buntsandstein ist nicht zu finden. In St. Arnual, am Ostabhang des Sonnenberges bei Saarbrücken, sind diese beiden Altersstufen eindrucksvoll aufgeschlossen. Folgt man den sogenannten Felsenwegen entlang der Saar, so erkennt man das Profil, einschließlich der Violetten Grenzzone, die die Trennung vom Mittleren zum Oberen Buntsandstein darstellt.
Im Saar­land ist der in Ober­er, Mittler­er und Un­ter­er Teil geteilte Bunt­sand­stein, der früh­esten Abteilung der Trias, nur mit den bei­den jün­geren Stufen vertreten. Der Un­tere Bunt­sand­stein ist nicht zu fin­d­en. In St. Ar­nu­al, am Ostab­hang des Son­nen­berges bei Saar­brück­en, sind diese bei­den Al­tersstufe ... moreIm Saarland ist der in Oberer, Mittlerer und Unterer Teil geteilte Buntsandstein, der frühesten Abteilung der Trias, nur mit den beiden jüngeren Stufen vertreten. Der Untere Buntsandstein ist nicht zu finden. In St. Arnual, am Ostabhang des Sonnenberges bei Saarbrücken, sind diese beiden Altersstufen eindrucksvoll aufgeschlossen. Folgt man den sogenannten Felsenwegen entlang der Saar, so erkennt man das Profil, einschließlich der Violetten Grenzzone, die die Trennung vom Mittleren zum Oberen Buntsandstein darstellt.
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Ge­o­log­ic Por­trait - Weather­ing and Ero­sionWeathering is a continous process by which rocks are broken down and decomposed by the action of humidity (rain), wind, temperature changes, chemical agents, bacteria and plants. Being an integral part of the rocks cycle, weathering is the initial stage towards denudation, which results in general lowering of the land surface. An essential feature is that it affects rocks in situ; no transportation is involved. This is the factor which dsitinguishes weathering from erosion. The two main types of weathering are mechanical and chemical. Climate plays a leading role in weathering, whereas chemical weathering is almost absent in arid regions. Effecrtive freeze-thaw cycles are confined to cold temperate and permafrost climates.

Erosion is part of the process of denudation which involves the wearing away of land surface by mechanical action of transported debris. Main cycles of erosion are glaciers, wind erosion, marine erosion.
Weather­ing is a conti­nous pro­cess by which rocks are bro­ken down and de­com­posed by the ac­tion of hu­mid­i­ty (rain), wind, tem­per­a­ture changes, chem­i­cal agents, bac­te­ria and plants. Be­ing an in­te­gral part of the rocks cy­cle, weather­ing is the ini­tial stage to­wards de­nu­da­tion, which re­sults in gen­er­al l ... moreWeathering is a continous process by which rocks are broken down and decomposed by the action of humidity (rain), wind, temperature changes, chemical agents, bacteria and plants. Being an integral part of the rocks cycle, weathering is the initial stage towards denudation, which results in general lowering of the land surface. An essential feature is that it affects rocks in situ; no transportation is involved. This is the factor which dsitinguishes weathering from erosion. The two main types of weathering are mechanical and chemical. Climate plays a leading role in weathering, whereas chemical weathering is almost absent in arid regions. Effecrtive freeze-thaw cycles are confined to cold temperate and permafrost climates.

Erosion is part of the process of denudation which involves the wearing away of land surface by mechanical action of transported debris. Main cycles of erosion are glaciers, wind erosion, marine erosion.
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Min­er­alien­por­trait Cerus­sit... Wer das Mineral Cerussit zuerst entdeckte und wo es zuerst gefunden wurde, bleibt im Dunkel der Geschichte. Um dem Kind jedoch einen Namen zu geben, wird die erste Erwähnung dem Renaissancegelehrten Conrad Gesner angetragen - was jedoch nicht bedeutet, dass dieser das Mineral entdeckte oder zuerst beschrieb. (Gesner (1516 bis 1565) gilt als der berühmteste und wichtigste Naturforscher und Gelehrter der Schweiz).

Tatsache ist, dass Cerussit (und Hydrocerussit) schon in der Antike den damaligen Bergleuten bekannt war; besonders in den Gruben von Lavrion in Griechenland sowie aus den reichen Blei-und Silberminen in Sardinien. Cerussit ist ein sehr häufiges Mineral, welches sich in den Oxidationszonen aus Galenit und carbonathaltigren Wässern bildete ... Ein Beitrag von Peter Seroka
... Wer das Min­er­al Cerus­sit zuerst ent­deckte und wo es zuerst ge­fun­den wurde, bleibt im Dunkel der Geschichte. Um dem Kind je­doch ei­nen Na­men zu geben, wird die er­ste Er­wäh­nung dem Re­nais­sancegelehrten Con­rad Ges­n­er ange­tra­gen - was je­doch nicht be­deutet, dass dies­er das Min­er­al ent­deckte oder zuer ... more... Wer das Mineral Cerussit zuerst entdeckte und wo es zuerst gefunden wurde, bleibt im Dunkel der Geschichte. Um dem Kind jedoch einen Namen zu geben, wird die erste Erwähnung dem Renaissancegelehrten Conrad Gesner angetragen - was jedoch nicht bedeutet, dass dieser das Mineral entdeckte oder zuerst beschrieb. (Gesner (1516 bis 1565) gilt als der berühmteste und wichtigste Naturforscher und Gelehrter der Schweiz).

Tatsache ist, dass Cerussit (und Hydrocerussit) schon in der Antike den damaligen Bergleuten bekannt war; besonders in den Gruben von Lavrion in Griechenland sowie aus den reichen Blei-und Silberminen in Sardinien. Cerussit ist ein sehr häufiges Mineral, welches sich in den Oxidationszonen aus Galenit und carbonathaltigren Wässern bildete ... Ein Beitrag von Peter Seroka
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Das Na­tur­denk­mal Bren­nen­der Berg bei Dud­weil­erNördlich von Saarbrücken, zwischen Sulzbach und Neuweiler liegt der Brennende Berg. In seinem Inneren schwelt schon über 300 Jahren ein brennendes Kohleflöz. Je nach Wetterlage zeugt heute schweflig-modrig riechender Rauch, wenn auch längst nicht mehr so intensiv wie früher, von diesem unterirdischen Brandherd. An zwei bis drei Spalten tritt noch erkennbarer Wasserdampf aus. Die anzuteffenden pyritreichen, gefritteten Schiefertone, die eine rötliche Färbung aufweisen, gehören dem Westfal an.

Es handelt sich hierbei um das Landgruberflöz, später dann in Flöz Nr. 13, oder auch "Blücher" bzw. "Aster", umbenannt. Flöz Nr. 13 wird den Sulzbacher Schichten zugeordnet. Diese reichen von Leittonstein 5 bis zu Flöz Stolberg und erreichen Mächtigkeiten bis über 700 m und sind die kohlenreichste Schicht des Saarkarbon. Die Kohlenlager dieses Schichtkomplexes liegen bei über 100; davon sind 23 Flöze bauwürdig.

Für die Ursache des Brandes existieren verschiedene Theorien ... Ein Beitrag von Berthold Stein und Norbert Kirchhoff
Nördlich von Saar­brück­en, zwischen Sulzbach und Neuweil­er liegt der Bren­nende Berg. In seinem In­neren sch­welt schon über 300 Jahren ein bren­nen­des Koh­le­flöz. Je nach Wet­ter­lage zeugt heute sch­we­flig-mo­d­rig riechen­der Rauch, wenn auch längst nicht mehr so in­ten­siv wie früher, von die­sem un­terirdische ... moreNördlich von Saarbrücken, zwischen Sulzbach und Neuweiler liegt der Brennende Berg. In seinem Inneren schwelt schon über 300 Jahren ein brennendes Kohleflöz. Je nach Wetterlage zeugt heute schweflig-modrig riechender Rauch, wenn auch längst nicht mehr so intensiv wie früher, von diesem unterirdischen Brandherd. An zwei bis drei Spalten tritt noch erkennbarer Wasserdampf aus. Die anzuteffenden pyritreichen, gefritteten Schiefertone, die eine rötliche Färbung aufweisen, gehören dem Westfal an.

Es handelt sich hierbei um das Landgruberflöz, später dann in Flöz Nr. 13, oder auch "Blücher" bzw. "Aster", umbenannt. Flöz Nr. 13 wird den Sulzbacher Schichten zugeordnet. Diese reichen von Leittonstein 5 bis zu Flöz Stolberg und erreichen Mächtigkeiten bis über 700 m und sind die kohlenreichste Schicht des Saarkarbon. Die Kohlenlager dieses Schichtkomplexes liegen bei über 100; davon sind 23 Flöze bauwürdig.

Für die Ursache des Brandes existieren verschiedene Theorien ... Ein Beitrag von Berthold Stein und Norbert Kirchhoff
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