Mineralienatlas (name for mineral atlas) is the platform for people interested in mineralogy, geology, palaeontology and mining since 2001. We operate a significant database for minerals, fossils, rocks and their localities. Mineralienatlas is not limited to a section. We bring together information and inform comprehensive.

To complete our information constantly, we need your support. With us, everyone can and should participate. Currently Mineralienatlas is used and expanded by 10531 members. Every month hundreds of thousands of visitors use our website as an information source.
 
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Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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In­di­ca­tor stoneA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
A Scan­di­na­vian in­di­ca­tor stone is a gla­cial er­rat­ic com­posed of a char­ac­teris­tic rock type de­rived from a small known source area in Scan­di­navia. This term not on­ly ap­plies to ig­neous and me­ta­mor­ph­ic rocks but al­so to some sed­i­men­tary rocks. The Jot­nian Sand­s­tone and most of the Palaeo­zoic lime­s­tone ... moreA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
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For the 49th year once again the Mu­nich Min­er­al Show was held. A few years ago un­der the old lead­er­ship the mot­to al­most en­tire­ly stood un­der the theme of min­er­als and fos­sils. This year not on­ly the name seems to change away from the "Mu­nich Min­er­al Show" chang­ing to "The Mu­nich Show". The new ex­hi ... moreFor the 49th year once again the Munich Mineral Show was held. A few years ago under the old leadership the motto almost entirely stood under the theme of minerals and fossils. This year not only the name seems to change away from the "Munich Mineral Show" changing to "The Munich Show". The new exhibition management, led by the young Mr. Keilmann seems not quite knowing where to go or has something bigger in mind. One can imagine something in "Munich Mineral Days", it is difficult in the name "The Munich Show". The new show management seems to leave the common way, to keep all options open with a new name. - A comment and fair report written in german language by Stefan Schorn
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Sand­calcite sind Calcite, die während ihr­er Bil­dung größere Men­gen von Sand, zuweilen bis weit über 50%, "poikili­tisch" im Kris­tall eingeschlossen haben. Sand­calcite sind somit eine Variante des Calc­its. Sie zeich­nen sich ge­genüber an­deren Min­er­alien da­durch aus, dass der eingeschlossene Sand das Kr ... moreSandcalcite sind Calcite, die während ihrer Bildung größere Mengen von Sand, zuweilen bis weit über 50%, "poikilitisch" im Kristall eingeschlossen haben. Sandcalcite sind somit eine Variante des Calcits. Sie zeichnen sich gegenüber anderen Mineralien dadurch aus, dass der eingeschlossene Sand das Kristallwachstum nicht wesentlich behindert. Neben Calcit sind sandhaltige Kristalle auch von den Mineralen Baryt (z.B. aus Rockenberg in Hessen), Gips (Wüsten-, bzw. Sandrosen) und Steinsalz bekannt. Sandcalcite sind unter den Calciten eine Seltenheit, auch wenn sie sich nicht gerade durch eine große Attraktivität auszeichnen. Fälschlicherweise werden sie oft als Pseudomorphosen bezeichnet, durch einen einfachen Test mit verdünnter Salzsäure (HCl) kann jedoch schnell das Gegenteil bewiesen werden. Zu den Sandcalciten zählt man auch auf Calcit
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... Ei­gen­tüm­lich ist hi­er insbe­son­dere, daß die aus­ge­bilde­ten Flußs­patkris­talle ( es wurde bis jet­zt fast nur das Hex­aed­er ge­fun­den ), im­mer stark verun­reinigt sind, während das kris­tal­line Gang­ma­te­rial weit höhere Rein­heit be­sitzt. Die Verun­reini­gung ge­ht soweit, daß z.B. Kupfer­kies, Pyrit, Quarz o ... more... Eigentümlich ist hier insbesondere, daß die ausgebildeten Flußspatkristalle ( es wurde bis jetzt fast nur das Hexaeder gefunden ), immer stark verunreinigt sind, während das kristalline Gangmaterial weit höhere Reinheit besitzt. Die Verunreinigung geht soweit, daß z.B. Kupferkies, Pyrit, Quarz oder Ton im Innern der in Intervallen aufgebauten Kristalle gefärbte Schichten bildet. Es scheinen hier erst die zuletzt in die Höhe gestiegenen Lösungen so intensiv mit Sulfiden verunreinigt gewesen zu sein. Außerdem sind die Kristalle meist treppenartig gelagert, was durch die stengelige Ausbildung der Unterlage bedingt ist... Ein Beitrag von Michael Kommer
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Es gibt nir­gend­wo im Uni­ver­sum ei­nen per­fek­ten Kris­tall, denn jed­er Kris­tall hat eine Ober­fläche und für die Atome auf der Ober­fläche ist die Umge­bung an­ders als für Atome im Vol­u­men. Die Ober­fläche ist somit ein De­fekt. Reale Kris­talle sind damit al­so Kris­talle, die De­fekte en­thal­ten.

Eine ein­fa ... moreEs gibt nirgendwo im Universum einen perfekten Kristall, denn jeder Kristall hat eine Oberfläche und für die Atome auf der Oberfläche ist die Umgebung anders als für Atome im Volumen. Die Oberfläche ist somit ein Defekt. Reale Kristalle sind damit also Kristalle, die Defekte enthalten.

Eine einfache Definition für Defekte in Kristallen ist die Betrachtung der Umgebung der Atome im Kristall. Falls die unmittelbare Umgebung - streng genommen im zeitlichen Mittel, da die Atome im Kristall wegen der Temperatur um ihre Position wackeln - um ein beliebig herausgegriffenes Atom anders ist als die Umgebung eines Referenzatom in einem perfekten Teil des Kristalls, ist ein Defekt Ursache für diese Änderung. Für ein Atom auf der Oberfläche eines Kristalls ist diese Bedingung zweifellos erfüllt, da die eine Hälfte des Raumes keine Atome des Kristalls hat. Es gibt also prinzipiell keine perfekten Kristalle.
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Syn­thetisch heißt so viel wie kün­stlich erzeugt. Es gibt so­wohl kün­stliche anor­ganische (z.B. syn­thetische Ru­bine) als auch or­ganische Kris­talle (z.B. Zuck­er als Kan­dis). Sie un­ter­schei­den sich von den natür­lichen Ver­wandten meist durch ihre höhere Rein­heit oder durch ihre gezielte Verun­reini­gung, D ... moreSynthetisch heißt so viel wie künstlich erzeugt. Es gibt sowohl künstliche anorganische (z.B. synthetische Rubine) als auch organische Kristalle (z.B. Zucker als Kandis). Sie unterscheiden sich von den natürlichen Verwandten meist durch ihre höhere Reinheit oder durch ihre gezielte Verunreinigung, Dotierung genannt. Synthetische Kristalle können durch relativ einfache Züchtung (z.B. Alaun-, Salz- oder Zuckerkristalle), unter Einwirkung extremer Hitze und Druck (z.B. Diamant), sowie als synthetische Einkristalle durch spezielle Technologien (z.B. Ziehen aus der Schmelze), aperiodische Einkristalle aus besonderen Legierungen etc. hergestellt werden. Ein Beitrag von Peter Seroka und Frank M.
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Min­er­al por­trait gar­netThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
This por­trait main­ly deals with the 6 clas­sic gar­nets, their amaz­ing his­to­ry, the world’s best known clas­sic and mod­ern lo­cal­i­ties and de­posits and their use as a gems or abra­sives. It al­so deals with the com­mon be­lief re­lat­ed to the non-ex­is­tence of blue gar­nets and its refu­ta­tion proven by new ... moreThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
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