Mineralienatlas (name for mineral atlas) is the platform for people interested in mineralogy, geology, palaeontology and mining since 2001. We operate a significant database for minerals, fossils, rocks and their localities. Mineralienatlas is not limited to a section. We bring together information and inform comprehensive.

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Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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Min­er­al por­trait gar­netThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
This por­trait main­ly deals with the 6 clas­sic gar­nets, their amaz­ing his­to­ry, the world’s best known clas­sic and mod­ern lo­cal­i­ties and de­posits and their use as a gems or abra­sives. It al­so deals with the com­mon be­lief re­lat­ed to the non-ex­is­tence of blue gar­nets and its refu­ta­tion proven by new ... moreThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
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1936 er­wirbt die Fir­ma "Sa­line Lud­wigshalle AG", Bad Wimpfen, die Grube Kallmünz­er. Da­raufhin wurde der Fir­men­name ( Be­sitz­er) in "Flußs­patw­erk Sch­warzen­feld GmbH, vorm. An­ton Kallmünz­er" geän­dert. Die Flußs­pat­grube wird von nun an Grube Cä­cilia, teils auch Grube Cä­cilie, ge­nan­nt. An­ton Kallmünz­er b ... more1936 erwirbt die Firma "Saline Ludwigshalle AG", Bad Wimpfen, die Grube Kallmünzer. Daraufhin wurde der Firmenname ( Besitzer) in "Flußspatwerk Schwarzenfeld GmbH, vorm. Anton Kallmünzer" geändert. Die Flußspatgrube wird von nun an Grube Cäcilia, teils auch Grube Cäcilie, genannt. Anton Kallmünzer bleibt Teilhaber und Geschäftsführer.
Schacht Cäcilia II ist mit 86 m Teufe Hauptförderschacht. Der Schacht Marie, ehemals zu Grube Freiung II zugehörig und der Reichhart-Schacht, ehemals Grube Freiung I, werden als Wetterschächte genutzt. Im gleichen Jahr erwirbt die Firma auch das Ausbeuterecht ... Ein Beitrag von Michael Kommer
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... In dem Gruben­feld waren vor 1940 mehrere Klein­be­triebe tätig, die die einzel­nen Gänge an völ­lig un­ter­schiedlichen Stellen zuerst in Ta­gröschen und später mit­tels Sch­lepp- (tonn­lägiger Schacht, d.h. im Gang abge­teuft) oder Saiger­schacht aus­ge­beutet hat­ten. An kein­er Stelle hat es allerd­ings, wie ... more... In dem Grubenfeld waren vor 1940 mehrere Kleinbetriebe tätig, die die einzelnen Gänge an völlig unterschiedlichen Stellen zuerst in Tagröschen und später mittels Schlepp- (tonnlägiger Schacht, d.h. im Gang abgeteuft) oder Saigerschacht ausgebeutet hatten. An keiner Stelle hat es allerdings, wie es bei allen anderen Gruben üblich war, eine Konzentration an einem bestimmten Standort gegeben und so kam es mit Hilfe der Reichsregierung zwischen 1940 und 1942 dazu, dass die Grube Hermine ins Leben gerufen wurde. Wenn der II. Weltkrieg nicht ausgebrochen wäre, weil Flußspat dringend für Rüstungszwecke gebraucht wurde, dann hätte es unter Umständen die Grube Hermine gar nicht gegeben und die Gänge wären von Grube Cäcilia und Grube Erika abgebaut worden. ... Ein Beitrag von Michael Kommer
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Mag­ma­tis­mus ist die zusam­men­fassende Bezeich­nung für alle mit dem Mag­ma zusam­men­hän­gen­den ge­ol­o­gischen Prozesse, Vorgänge und Er­schei­n­un­gen. Der Mag­ma­tis­mus um­fasst so­wohl den den Plu­ton­is­mus, d.h., die Prozesse, die zur Bil­dung von Mag­men in der Erde führen, ihre Be­we­gung verur­sachen, die Kris­tal­li ... moreMagmatismus ist die zusammenfassende Bezeichnung für alle mit dem Magma zusammenhängenden geologischen Prozesse, Vorgänge und Erscheinungen. Der Magmatismus umfasst sowohl den den Plutonismus, d.h., die Prozesse, die zur Bildung von Magmen in der Erde führen, ihre Bewegung verursachen, die Kristallisation steuern, das Aufsteigen, die Bildung der Erdkruste und letzendlich die Erstarrung als auch den Vulkanismus, bei dem das Magma die Oberfläche erreicht und als Lava extrudiert wird. Durch Magmatismus entstehen Magmatite, d.h.magmatische plutonische Gesteine im Erdinneren und vulkanische Gesteine als Folge des Vulkanismus. Ein Beitrag unseres verstorbenen Mitglieds Peter Seroka u.a. - In Dankbarkeit
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In­di­ca­tor stoneA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
A Scan­di­na­vian in­di­ca­tor stone is a gla­cial er­rat­ic com­posed of a char­ac­teris­tic rock type de­rived from a small known source area in Scan­di­navia. This term not on­ly ap­plies to ig­neous and me­ta­mor­ph­ic rocks but al­so to some sed­i­men­tary rocks. The Jot­nian Sand­s­tone and most of the Palaeo­zoic lime­s­tone ... moreA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
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