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17. May - Gera, Mu­se­um für Na­turkunde: Ausstel­lungseröff­nung
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Mineralienatlas (name for mineral atlas) is the platform for people interested in mineralogy, geology, palaeontology and mining since 2001. We operate a significant database for minerals, fossils, rocks and their localities. Mineralienatlas is not limited to a section. We bring together information and inform comprehensive.

To complete our information constantly, we need your support. With us, everyone can and should participate. Currently Mineralienatlas is used and expanded by 10586 members. Every month hundreds of thousands of visitors use our website as an information source.
 
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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Min­er­al Por­trait Flu­o­riteThe mineral portrait fluorit is based on the book "SEROKA, P.; 2001: FLUORIT - Daten - Fakten - Weltweite Vorkommen"; a detailed and exhaustive information on the mineral's characteristics, the crystal forms, crystal growth and the different aggregates and pseudomorphoses.

Special chapters deal with the fluorite deposits and global settings, the mining of fluorspar and ore processing; One chapter shows the development of fluorite collecting in the past and now.

The most comprehensive part of the book is dedicated to the mineral's worldwide deposits, describing the best known old, classic and modern occurrences in 96 countries . A great number of mineral and mining photographs accompany each chapter, showing the characteristics of most fluorites from a specific deposit.

(Full text in German)
The min­er­al por­trait flu­o­rit is based on the book "SERO­KA, P.; 2001: FLU­O­RIT - Dat­en - Fak­ten - Weltweite Vorkom­men"; a de­tailed and ex­haus­tive in­for­ma­tion on the min­er­al's char­ac­teris­tics, the crys­tal forms, crys­tal growth and the dif­fer­ent ag­gre­gates and pseu­do­mor­phos­es.

Spe­cial chapters deal ... moreThe mineral portrait fluorit is based on the book "SEROKA, P.; 2001: FLUORIT - Daten - Fakten - Weltweite Vorkommen"; a detailed and exhaustive information on the mineral's characteristics, the crystal forms, crystal growth and the different aggregates and pseudomorphoses.

Special chapters deal with the fluorite deposits and global settings, the mining of fluorspar and ore processing; One chapter shows the development of fluorite collecting in the past and now.

The most comprehensive part of the book is dedicated to the mineral's worldwide deposits, describing the best known old, classic and modern occurrences in 96 countries . A great number of mineral and mining photographs accompany each chapter, showing the characteristics of most fluorites from a specific deposit.

(Full text in German)
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In­clu­sionsInclusions are inside the crystal enclosed foreign materials like liquids, gases, hydrocarbons (oil, asphalt), sediment, NaCl, as well as other minerals or crystals. Inclusions can be a sort of fingerprint of the place of dicovery. Thus inclusions show us under which geologic conditions minerals had formed. This allows conclusions on the place of discovery.

The article deals with the different kinds of inclusions, her conditions of build, which minerals do often have inclusions and how they appear.

(Full text in german)
In­clu­sions are in­side the crys­tal en­closed for­eign ma­te­rials like liquids, gas­es, hy­dro­car­bons (oil, as­phalt), sed­i­ment, Na­Cl, as well as other min­er­als or crys­tals. In­clu­sions can be a sort of fin­ger­print of the place of di­cov­ery. Thus in­clu­sions show us un­der which ge­o­log­ic con­di­tions min­er­als had ... moreInclusions are inside the crystal enclosed foreign materials like liquids, gases, hydrocarbons (oil, asphalt), sediment, NaCl, as well as other minerals or crystals. Inclusions can be a sort of fingerprint of the place of dicovery. Thus inclusions show us under which geologic conditions minerals had formed. This allows conclusions on the place of discovery.

The article deals with the different kinds of inclusions, her conditions of build, which minerals do often have inclusions and how they appear.

(Full text in german)
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Kün­stliche Kris­talle - SpinellSpinellsynthesen finden sich im Handel als komplette Schmelzbirnen, die ab und an einen annähernd quadratischen, aber abgerundeten Querschnitt besitzen. In der Nähe des Keimes finden sich selten abgerundete Oktaederflächen.

Im Gegensatz dazu sind Korundbirnen in der Regel der Länge nach gespalten, um die inneren Spannungen im Kristall zu lösen. Wird das Material durch Tempern von den Spannungen befreit, sind die Korundbirnen komplett und im Querschnitt rund oder eher abgerundet dreiseitig. Ein Beitrag von Klaus Schäfer
Spinell­syn­th­e­sen fin­d­en sich im Han­del als kom­plette Sch­melzbir­nen, die ab und an ei­nen an­näh­ernd qua­dratischen, aber abgerun­de­ten Quer­sch­nitt be­sitzen. In der Nähe des Keimes fin­d­en sich sel­ten abgerun­dete Ok­taed­er­flächen.

Im Ge­gen­satz dazu sind Ko­rund­bir­nen in der Regel der Länge nach ges­pal­ten ... moreSpinellsynthesen finden sich im Handel als komplette Schmelzbirnen, die ab und an einen annähernd quadratischen, aber abgerundeten Querschnitt besitzen. In der Nähe des Keimes finden sich selten abgerundete Oktaederflächen.

Im Gegensatz dazu sind Korundbirnen in der Regel der Länge nach gespalten, um die inneren Spannungen im Kristall zu lösen. Wird das Material durch Tempern von den Spannungen befreit, sind die Korundbirnen komplett und im Querschnitt rund oder eher abgerundet dreiseitig. Ein Beitrag von Klaus Schäfer
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Min­er­al por­trait gar­netThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
This por­trait main­ly deals with the 6 clas­sic gar­nets, their amaz­ing his­to­ry, the world’s best known clas­sic and mod­ern lo­cal­i­ties and de­posits and their use as a gems or abra­sives. It al­so deals with the com­mon be­lief re­lat­ed to the non-ex­is­tence of blue gar­nets and its refu­ta­tion proven by new ... moreThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
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Red lay­erIn 1978 the US - American geologist Walter Alvarez gained a narrow pattern red clay in the Italian Apennines and certain age these samples to approximately 65 million years , ie at the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period. This very thin lime- clay layer lies between two calcareous sediments and showed a different fossil record , which to a mass extinction ( faunal ) hinted .

While further analysis Alvarez noted a high iridium concentrations; a typical ... An article by Peter Seroka (written in german)
In 1978 the US - Amer­i­can ge­ol­o­gist Wal­ter Al­varez gained a nar­row pat­tern red clay in the Italian Apen­nines and cer­tain age th­ese sam­ples to ap­prox­i­mate­ly 65 mil­lion years , ie at the end of the Cre­ta­ceous pe­ri­od and the be­gin­n­ing of the Ter­tiary pe­ri­od. This very thin lime- clay lay­er lies be­tween ... moreIn 1978 the US - American geologist Walter Alvarez gained a narrow pattern red clay in the Italian Apennines and certain age these samples to approximately 65 million years , ie at the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period. This very thin lime- clay layer lies between two calcareous sediments and showed a different fossil record , which to a mass extinction ( faunal ) hinted .

While further analysis Alvarez noted a high iridium concentrations; a typical ... An article by Peter Seroka (written in german)
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Fal­tenEine durch Faltung entstandene Verbiegung oder Verkrümmung einer ehemals horizontal geschichteten Gesteinseinheit in allen Größenordnungen. Je nach Form unterscheidet man Knickfalten, Biegefalten oder Fließfalten. Die Faltenformen Sattel (Antiform) und Mulde (Synform) sind abhängig von der Mächtigkeit des verfalteten Schichtpaketes, den mechanischen Eigenschaften der Gesteine, dem Vorhandensein von Abscherflächen und auftretenden Spannungen.
Eine durch Fal­tung ent­s­tan­dene Ver­bie­gung oder Verkrüm­mung ein­er ehe­mals hor­i­zon­tal geschichteten Gestein­sein­heit in allen Größenord­nun­gen. Je nach Form un­ter­schei­det man Knick­fal­ten, Biege­fal­ten oder Fließ­fal­ten. Die Fal­ten­for­men Sat­tel (An­ti­form) und Mulde (Syn­form) sind ab­hängig von der Mächtigke ... moreEine durch Faltung entstandene Verbiegung oder Verkrümmung einer ehemals horizontal geschichteten Gesteinseinheit in allen Größenordnungen. Je nach Form unterscheidet man Knickfalten, Biegefalten oder Fließfalten. Die Faltenformen Sattel (Antiform) und Mulde (Synform) sind abhängig von der Mächtigkeit des verfalteten Schichtpaketes, den mechanischen Eigenschaften der Gesteine, dem Vorhandensein von Abscherflächen und auftretenden Spannungen.
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Mendig am Laach­er See in der EifelZu Beginn des Jahres 1973 entdeckte der Schmucksteinschleifer Philip Hobein aus Kirschweiler bei Idar Oberstein hinter dem Restaurant 'Laacher Mühle' einige blaue Körner kristalliner Enstehung. Diese Körner weckten sein Interesse, zumal er schon einige Erfahrung im Schliff verschiedener, nicht als Schmucksteine bekannter Mineralien hatte. In seiner Werkstatt versah er diese xenomorphen Körner mit einem Fazettschliff. Das Resultat war die Geburt eines neuen Schmucksteins von saphirblauer Farbe und sehr schöner Transparenz - dem Mineral Hauyn, benannt nach dem französischen Kristallographen R. J. Haüy (1743 bis 1822) (Brunn-Neergard, 1807).

Die umfassenden Daten zu diesem seltenen kubischen Gerüstsilikat der Sodalithgruppe nach der Systematik von STRUNZ, kann dem Mineralien-Steckbrief aus dem Benutzerlexikon unter Hauyn ... ein Beitrag von Ralf Dahlheuser
Zu Be­ginn des Jahres 1973 ent­deckte der Sch­muck­stein­sch­leifer Philip Hobein aus Kirsch­weil­er bei Idar Ober­stein hin­ter dem Res­tau­rant 'Laach­er Müh­le' einige blaue Körn­er kris­tal­lin­er En­ste­hung. Diese Körn­er weck­ten sein In­teresse, zu­mal er schon einige Er­fahrung im Sch­liff ver­schie­den­er, nicht als S ... moreZu Beginn des Jahres 1973 entdeckte der Schmucksteinschleifer Philip Hobein aus Kirschweiler bei Idar Oberstein hinter dem Restaurant 'Laacher Mühle' einige blaue Körner kristalliner Enstehung. Diese Körner weckten sein Interesse, zumal er schon einige Erfahrung im Schliff verschiedener, nicht als Schmucksteine bekannter Mineralien hatte. In seiner Werkstatt versah er diese xenomorphen Körner mit einem Fazettschliff. Das Resultat war die Geburt eines neuen Schmucksteins von saphirblauer Farbe und sehr schöner Transparenz - dem Mineral Hauyn, benannt nach dem französischen Kristallographen R. J. Haüy (1743 bis 1822) (Brunn-Neergard, 1807).

Die umfassenden Daten zu diesem seltenen kubischen Gerüstsilikat der Sodalithgruppe nach der Systematik von STRUNZ, kann dem Mineralien-Steckbrief aus dem Benutzerlexikon unter Hauyn ... ein Beitrag von Ralf Dahlheuser
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