Mineralienatlas (name for mineral atlas) is the platform for people interested in mineralogy, geology, palaeontology and mining since 2001. We operate a significant database for minerals, fossils, rocks and their localities. Mineralienatlas is not limited to a section. We bring together information and inform comprehensive.

To complete our information constantly, we need your support. With us, everyone can and should participate. Currently Mineralienatlas is used and expanded by 10531 members. Every month hundreds of thousands of visitors use our website as an information source.
 
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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... über viele Jahrhun­derte Rück­gang des Berg­baus. Ab 1873 mit Grün­dung der Rio Tin­to Min­ing Com­pany kolo­niale Aus­beu­tung der Lager­stätte und der Men­schen durch En­glän­der; nach­dem das Vorkom­men fast er­schöpft war, ging das Berg­w­erk 1954 in spanischen Be­sitz über. Seit­dem gin­gen die Ab­bau­rechte durch ... more... über viele Jahrhunderte Rückgang des Bergbaus. Ab 1873 mit Gründung der Rio Tinto Mining Company koloniale Ausbeutung der Lagerstätte und der Menschen durch Engländer; nachdem das Vorkommen fast erschöpft war, ging das Bergwerk 1954 in spanischen Besitz über. Seitdem gingen die Abbaurechte durch die Hände verschiedener internationaler Konzerne, zuletzt einer US-Gesellschaft, die jedoch nur an der Kupferhütte in Huelva interessiert war und die den Abbau einstellen wollte. Anfang August 1995 kaufte ein Konsortium aus einheimischen Bergleuten die Rechte, um ggf. aus den Schlacken aus römischer Zeit noch etwas Gold und Silber zu gewinnen, was jedoch fraglich blieb. Es gibt noch genügend Kupfer, doch angesichts des gefallenen Kupferpreises ist ein wirtschaftlicher Abbau nicht sinnvoll. Die Gruben ...
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Sil­ver and sil­ver min­er­als are amongst the most de­sir­abe ob­jects since the be­gin­n­ing of min­er­al col­lect­ing. Sil­ver wires and curls from Kongs­berg and Freiberg are the coro­na­tion of each min­er­al col­lec­tion. Beau­ti­ful pyrar­gyrites and proustites en­hance each col­lec­tor's heat­beat.

How­ev­er, sil­ver is ... moreSilver and silver minerals are amongst the most desirabe objects since the beginning of mineral collecting. Silver wires and curls from Kongsberg and Freiberg are the coronation of each mineral collection. Beautiful pyrargyrites and proustites enhance each collector's heatbeat.

However, silver is not only the essence of high-end collecting but has contributed essentially to the history of mankind. Uncountable remain the millions of greek and phenician slaves, middle age european miners and millions of indios who have left their lives for silver.

Silver is one of the seven metals known since thousands of years, already been mentioned in the bible. Mountains of slag in Asia Minor, Arabia and on the agaen islands prove technologies to produce silver from lead ore; knowledges people had been acquainted with since at least 4.000 year B.C. Since the antiquity silver had been used to make finery and ornaments, however, most of this metal was used to stamp coins. The monetary system of many countries was based on silver; the one, who owned silver, was able to finance wars. One of the main pillars of power of Athens, Rome, the Phenicians, the church, the kings and queens of Castilia, the Austrian house of Habsburg and, last not least, of the Americans had been their control over the richest silver mines and the wars, which they made by paying their soldiery with silver coins.
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Sand­calcite sind Calcite, die während ihr­er Bil­dung größere Men­gen von Sand, zuweilen bis weit über 50%, "poikili­tisch" im Kris­tall eingeschlossen haben. Sand­calcite sind somit eine Variante des Calc­its. Sie zeich­nen sich ge­genüber an­deren Min­er­alien da­durch aus, dass der eingeschlossene Sand das Kr ... moreSandcalcite sind Calcite, die während ihrer Bildung größere Mengen von Sand, zuweilen bis weit über 50%, "poikilitisch" im Kristall eingeschlossen haben. Sandcalcite sind somit eine Variante des Calcits. Sie zeichnen sich gegenüber anderen Mineralien dadurch aus, dass der eingeschlossene Sand das Kristallwachstum nicht wesentlich behindert. Neben Calcit sind sandhaltige Kristalle auch von den Mineralen Baryt (z.B. aus Rockenberg in Hessen), Gips (Wüsten-, bzw. Sandrosen) und Steinsalz bekannt. Sandcalcite sind unter den Calciten eine Seltenheit, auch wenn sie sich nicht gerade durch eine große Attraktivität auszeichnen. Fälschlicherweise werden sie oft als Pseudomorphosen bezeichnet, durch einen einfachen Test mit verdünnter Salzsäure (HCl) kann jedoch schnell das Gegenteil bewiesen werden. Zu den Sandcalciten zählt man auch auf Calcit
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In­di­ca­tor stoneA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
A Scan­di­na­vian in­di­ca­tor stone is a gla­cial er­rat­ic com­posed of a char­ac­teris­tic rock type de­rived from a small known source area in Scan­di­navia. This term not on­ly ap­plies to ig­neous and me­ta­mor­ph­ic rocks but al­so to some sed­i­men­tary rocks. The Jot­nian Sand­s­tone and most of the Palaeo­zoic lime­s­tone ... moreA Scandinavian indicator stone is a glacial erratic composed of a characteristic rock type derived from a small known source area in Scandinavia. This term not only applies to igneous and metamorphic rocks but also to some sedimentary rocks. The Jotnian Sandstone and most of the Palaeozoic limestones, and the Old Red Sandstone are not included in the definition, although the presence of these and other rocks provide some evidence about the source area(s) of erratics and should certainly not be neglected in a stone count. In all cases we recommend including the whole assemblage of erratics/stones in such account. This makes it possible to use several methods of Interpretation. However, it should be pointed out that the practise used in the past, whereby each researcher had her/his own method of interpreting stone counts, has proved to be unsatisfactory. We demonstrate on the bases of over 2000 counts of indicator stones that we have carried out on assemblages mostly from Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein, but also from other N.German states and neighbouring countries, that the TGZ method (LÜTTIG 1958) yields the most reliable results. In addition to this method, the sources of individual indicator stones may be plotted on a so-called circle map and can be integrated with possible source data and the relative frequencies of other erratics in the assemblage. Some rock types are more suitable as indicator stones then others. It is unwise to use clearly unsuitable rock types; this would considerably reduce the reliability of the method and lead to erroneous results.
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... Bergkris­tall war ein seltenes Roh­ma­te­rial für Kun­s­to­b­jekte, wen­n­gleich die Bear­bei­tung­stech­nolo­gien in der An­tike bekan­nt waren. Zu den besten Stein­sch­nei­dern ge­hörten Kün­stler in der Pe­ri­ode der Fa­timi­den. Fa­timidische Trinkge­fäße aus Bergkris­tall ge­hörten zu den sel­ten­sten und wertvoll­sten Kun ... more... Bergkristall war ein seltenes Rohmaterial für Kunstobjekte, wenngleich die Bearbeitungstechnologien in der Antike bekannt waren. Zu den besten Steinschneidern gehörten Künstler in der Periode der Fatimiden. Fatimidische Trinkgefäße aus Bergkristall gehörten zu den seltensten und wertvollsten Kunstobjekten der gesamten islamischen Kunst...

...Makrokristalliner Quarz ist nicht nur ein wichtiger, sondern primärer Bestandteil vieler Gesteine, weil er entweder bei der Bildung des Gesteins schon vorhanden war oder sich zusammen mit den anderen Mineralen entwickelte. Gut ausgebildete Quarzkristalle sind gewöhnlich ein sekundäres Produkt und können selbst in Gesteinen auftreten, welche ursprünglich Kieselsäure-frei waren, wie viele Basalte. Diejenigen Kristalle, welche bei der Differenzierung von Pegmatiten auftreten (entweder massiv als Rosenquarz oder als gut ausgebildete Kristalle in Hohlräumen) können als primäre Komponenten der Pegmatite betrachtet werden. Makrokristalliner Quarz bildet sich ...

Ein Beitrag von Peter Seroka
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The Al­ten­berg tin mine is well known for its huge sur­face break left by the min­ing ac­tiv­i­ties. Among min­er­al col­lec­tors the mine is fa­mous as well for its unique Py­c­nite de­posit, a va­ri­e­ty of to­paz oc­cur­ring in mas­sive colum­nar ag­gre­gates up to a length of 30 cm.

The min­ing start­ed in 1440 and c ... moreThe Altenberg tin mine is well known for its huge surface break left by the mining activities. Among mineral collectors the mine is famous as well for its unique Pycnite deposit, a variety of topaz occurring in massive columnar aggregates up to a length of 30 cm.

The mining started in 1440 and continued, with several ups and downs and some total shut-down periods, until 1991. The mining activities aimed for a plutonic granite body (350 to 400 metre in diameter and hydrothermally mineralized mainly with cassiterite and smaller amounts of wolframite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, bismuth and others) and managed to extract a total sum of 37 million tons of ore. The huge surface break, called "The Altenberger Pinge", is the result of several roof collapses caused by excessive ore excavation and later on the continued drawing of caved material from the bottom of the fracture zone.

Collectible minerals were rare and small, so the Altenberg tin mine became never as famous as the Freiberg or Ehrenfriedersdorf districts, but its unique geology and mining technology made it quite interesting and worth a closer look.

(Full text in german)
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... Erst knapp 50 Jahre später lie­gen wied­er Nachricht­en vor, und zwar Abrech­nun­gen aus den Jahren 1782 bis 1791. Die da­ma­li­gen Pächter waren die Krett­nich­er Ein­woh­n­er Ni­co­laus Wie­sen, Mat­thias Fin­k­ler und Jo­hann Bathis, Er­ster­er hatte in den 10 Jahren 346 Rtl., der zweite 95 Rtl. und der let­zte 146 ... more... Erst knapp 50 Jahre später liegen wieder Nachrichten vor, und zwar Abrechnungen aus den Jahren 1782 bis 1791. Die damaligen Pächter waren die Krettnicher Einwohner Nicolaus Wiesen, Matthias Finkler und Johann Bathis, Ersterer hatte in den 10 Jahren 346 Rtl., der zweite 95 Rtl. und der letzte 146 Rtl. eingenommen. Hauptabnehmer waren Johannes Scherer in Scheuern, Pastor Anhäuser in Lockweiler, sowie Johannes Bördeler (Birtel) in Krettnich, die offenbar das abgenommene Erz auf eigene Rechnung weitervertrieben. Als Bergmann war damals Paul Jungblut ... Ein Bericht von Berthold Stein
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