Mineralienatlas (name for mineral atlas) is the platform for people interested in mineralogy, geology, palaeontology and mining since 2001. We operate a significant database for minerals, fossils, rocks and their localities. Mineralienatlas is not limited to a section. We bring together information and inform comprehensive.

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Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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Min­er­al por­trait gar­netThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
This por­trait main­ly deals with the 6 clas­sic gar­nets, their amaz­ing his­to­ry, the world’s best known clas­sic and mod­ern lo­cal­i­ties and de­posits and their use as a gems or abra­sives. It al­so deals with the com­mon be­lief re­lat­ed to the non-ex­is­tence of blue gar­nets and its refu­ta­tion proven by new ... moreThis portrait mainly deals with the 6 classic garnets, their amazing history, the world’s best known classic and modern localities and deposits and their use as a gems or abrasives. It also deals with the common belief related to the non-existence of blue garnets and its refutation proven by new finds. A separate chapter deals with synthetic garnets. But it also deals with the mix up of definitions, groupings and old and unnecessary terms, which have finally been terminated or brought to a common denominator.

In 2012 the IMA (CNMNC) has defined garnets as members of the Garnet Supergroup, which include all minerals isostructural with garnet regardless of what elements occupy the four atomic sites; i.e. the supergroup includes several chemical classes . Those minerals are closely related to each other and may form a series with each other. Some garnets form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even be intergrown within a single crystal.

With the publication of the new nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, the term “garnet group” does not have its meaning anymore and the intermediate working term “Garnet superstructural group” has been replaced by “Garnet Supergroup”.
There are 32 approved species and 5 “candidate” species waiting on approval. The 32 species are subdivided by their Z-charge into 29 species, which belong to 5 groups and to 3 single representative species.
One of those 5 groups is the “Garnet group”, consisting of the 6 former (classic) garnets Pyrope, Grossular, Spessartine, Almandine, Uvarovite and Andradite plus 8 rarer garnets , as Menzerite-(Y), Eringaite, Goldmanite, Momoiite, Knorringite, Calderite, Majorite and Morimotoite.
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Die Geschichte der Pforte-Flu­o­rite ist eines der span­nen­den Kapi­tel der Min­er­alo­gie. Diese Flu­o­rite haben mich fasziniert, seit ich in den frühen 1970er Jahren in einem Sch­muck- und Min­er­alien­la­den in München die er­sten grü­nen "South Afri­can emer­alds", die sog. "grü­nen südafrikanischen Smaragde" von ... moreDie Geschichte der Pforte-Fluorite ist eines der spannenden Kapitel der Mineralogie. Diese Fluorite haben mich fasziniert, seit ich in den frühen 1970er Jahren in einem Schmuck- und Mineralienladen in München die ersten grünen "South African emeralds", die sog. "grünen südafrikanischen Smaragde" von der Pforte in Form eines prächtigen Colliers in der Hand hielt, ohne zu ahnen, dass diese „Smaragde“ in Wirklichkeit grüne geschliffene Fluorite waren. Eine erste Stufe mit dunkelvioletten Fluoritoktaedern mit der Fundortangabe "Pforte" habe ich 1973 bei Walter Khan in Wedesbüttel erstanden, diese aber in Unwissenheit ihrer geschichtlichen Bedeutung irgendwann in Spanien vertauscht. Die schönsten Pforte-Fluorite allerdings konnte ich während der Vorbereitungsarbeit zu einer großen mineralogischen Namibia-Reise im Jahr 1998 in einer bedeutenden deutschen Namibia-Sammlung bestaunen. Zu dieser Zeit gehörte Fluorit zu meinen bevorzugten Mineralien. Ich kannte nicht nur unzählige weltweite Vorkommen, sondern hatte in vielen Jahren selbst eine umfassende Fluoritsammlung aufgebaut. Solche Fluorite jedoch, wie ich sie in dieser Sammlung sah, waren mir bisher in dieser Schönheit nicht untergekommen, leider gab es zu der Herkunft dieser Kristalle so gut wie keine Informationen und – wie leicht zu erraten - leider auch keine Stufen auf dem Markt. - Ein Bericht von Peter Seroka
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Bei der Ra­man-Spek­troskopie wird die zu un­ter­suchende Probe mit monochro­ma­tischem Licht (üblicher­weise ein­er leis­tungss­tarken Laserquelle) be­s­trahlt. Das Spek­trum des an der Probe gestreuten Lichts wird gemessen. Ein sehr klein­er Teil des zurück­ges­trahl­ten Lichts weist Fre­quen­zun­ter­schiede zum einge ... moreBei der Raman-Spektroskopie wird die zu untersuchende Probe mit monochromatischem Licht (üblicherweise einer leistungsstarken Laserquelle) bestrahlt. Das Spektrum des an der Probe gestreuten Lichts wird gemessen. Ein sehr kleiner Teil des zurückgestrahlten Lichts weist Frequenzunterschiede zum eingestrahlten Licht auf (Raman-Shift). Diese entsprechen den für das Material charakteristischen Energien von Rotations-, Schwingungs-, Phonon- oder Spinflip-Prozessen. Der Raman-Effekt kann weitgehend symmetrisch im längerwelligen (Stokes-Seite) oder kürzerwelligen (Anti-Stokes-Seite) Bereich beobachtet werden. Vielfach wird nur ein Bereich (die Stokes Seite, also längerwellig) gemessen um den apperativen Aufbau in Grenzen zu halten...
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The min­er­al por­trait flu­o­rit is based on the book "SERO­KA, P.; 2001: FLU­O­RIT - Dat­en - Fak­ten - Weltweite Vorkom­men"; a de­tailed and ex­haus­tive in­for­ma­tion on the min­er­al's char­ac­teris­tics, the crys­tal forms, crys­tal growth and the dif­fer­ent ag­gre­gates and pseu­do­mor­phos­es.

Spe­cial chapters deal ... moreThe mineral portrait fluorit is based on the book "SEROKA, P.; 2001: FLUORIT - Daten - Fakten - Weltweite Vorkommen"; a detailed and exhaustive information on the mineral's characteristics, the crystal forms, crystal growth and the different aggregates and pseudomorphoses.

Special chapters deal with the fluorite deposits and global settings, the mining of fluorspar and ore processing; One chapter shows the development of fluorite collecting in the past and now.

The most comprehensive part of the book is dedicated to the mineral's worldwide deposits, describing the best known old, classic and modern occurrences in 96 countries . A great number of mineral and mining photographs accompany each chapter, showing the characteristics of most fluorites from a specific deposit.

(Full text in German)
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