| The study of twins starts due to the very first beginnings of crystallography as a science. Not negligible for this reason, the idea or the concept of a twin crystal are often associated with a macroscopic building. Modern studies at the nano scale have shown that the formation of twins can occur at ... moreThe study of twins starts due to the very first beginnings of crystallography as a science. Not negligible for this reason, the idea or the concept of a twin crystal are often associated with a macroscopic building. Modern studies at the nano scale have shown that the formation of twins can occur at a very early stage of crystal growing. Based on these findings, it does beg the request to reconsider the formation mechanisms, and adjacency to the newly different categories. (Text in german) |
| From early tunnel construction in the 18th century to its final closure in the 1950s, the Frankenholz Mine in Germany’s Saar region was a key site of coal mining history. With ambitious shaft projects, its own cableway connection to Bexbach, and remarkable geological features – including fossil disc ... moreFrom early tunnel construction in the 18th century to its final closure in the 1950s, the Frankenholz Mine in Germany’s Saar region was a key site of coal mining history. With ambitious shaft projects, its own cableway connection to Bexbach, and remarkable geological features – including fossil discoveries and natural oil seepages – the mine reflects both the rise of industrial progress and the dangers of underground work. Gas explosions, water ingress, and tragic accidents shaped the lives of thousands of miners. Frankenholz remains a compelling reminder of a bygone mining era. |
| The metal extraction by ore leaching (mostly copper) was about 1,000 years BC. known in the Mediterranean, but there are also barely no written records. The in the Middle Ages and in the following Renaissance well-known different procedures were first described in detail by Georg Agricola 1556 in hi ... moreThe metal extraction by ore leaching (mostly copper) was about 1,000 years BC. known in the Mediterranean, but there are also barely no written records. The in the Middle Ages and in the following Renaissance well-known different procedures were first described in detail by Georg Agricola 1556 in his book "De Re Metallica Libri XII". A contribution by Peter Seroka |
| ... Basaltsäulen sind erkaltete und erstarrte basaltische Lava. Die Erscheinungsform dieser erkalteten basaltischen Lava ist hauptsächlich von zwei Faktoren abhängig. Eruptierte Lava kühlt recht schnell aus zu einem zusammenhängenden Gesteinsgefüge, das je nach Temperatur und Gasgehalt als Pahoehoe- ... more... Basaltsäulen sind erkaltete und erstarrte basaltische Lava. Die Erscheinungsform dieser erkalteten basaltischen Lava ist hauptsächlich von zwei Faktoren abhängig. Eruptierte Lava kühlt recht schnell aus zu einem zusammenhängenden Gesteinsgefüge, das je nach Temperatur und Gasgehalt als Pahoehoe-Lava oder als Aa-Lava erstarrt. Findet die Abkühlung jedoch verzögert statt, entstehen durch Kontraktion (Schrumpfung) nicht selten meterlange polygonale Basaltsäulen ... Ein Beitrag von Peter Seroka |