Mineralienatlas (name for mineral atlas) is the platform for people interested in mineralogy, geology, palaeontology and mining since 2001. We operate a significant database for minerals, fossils, rocks and their localities. Mineralienatlas is not limited to a section. We bring together information and inform comprehensive.

To complete our information constantly, we need your support. With us, everyone can and should participate. Currently Mineralienatlas is used and expanded by 10532 members. Every month hundreds of thousands of visitors use our website as an information source.
 
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH
Geolitho Foundation non-profit GmbH is the non-profit supporter of the Mineral Atlas (Mineralienatlas), the Lithotheque, the Geolitho Collection Management and the Marketplace and Store by collectors for collectors. The Foundation promotes public education in the field of mineralogy, geology, paleontology and mining by operating, maintaining and further expanding earth science projects.
 
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This is the most com­pre­hen­sive syn­op­sis re­lat­ed to the his­to­ry, the min­er­al­o­gy, the ex­ploi­ta­tion and the most ac­tu­al eco­nom­ic and po­lit­i­cal re­sumé on rare earth el­e­ments and their min­er­als to be found in the in­ter­net. REE be­long to the most im­por­tant raw ma­te­rials of the 21st cen­tu­ry, which are used ... moreThis is the most comprehensive synopsis related to the history, the mineralogy, the exploitation and the most actual economic and political resumé on rare earth elements and their minerals to be found in the internet. REE belong to the most important raw materials of the 21st century, which are used in a large number of key technologies. However, due to the fact that almost 97% of the world's REE are mined and produced in China, REE have become an ongoing political issue, mainly amongst technology providing countries like the US, Japan and Western Europe.

This portrait tries to explain the characteristics of REE and their role for our modern world. Written and investigated by Peter Seroka. (Article in german)
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Sil­ver and sil­ver min­er­als are amongst the most de­sir­abe ob­jects since the be­gin­n­ing of min­er­al col­lect­ing. Sil­ver wires and curls from Kongs­berg and Freiberg are the coro­na­tion of each min­er­al col­lec­tion. Beau­ti­ful pyrar­gyrites and proustites en­hance each col­lec­tor's heat­beat.

How­ev­er, sil­ver is ... moreSilver and silver minerals are amongst the most desirabe objects since the beginning of mineral collecting. Silver wires and curls from Kongsberg and Freiberg are the coronation of each mineral collection. Beautiful pyrargyrites and proustites enhance each collector's heatbeat.

However, silver is not only the essence of high-end collecting but has contributed essentially to the history of mankind. Uncountable remain the millions of greek and phenician slaves, middle age european miners and millions of indios who have left their lives for silver.

Silver is one of the seven metals known since thousands of years, already been mentioned in the bible. Mountains of slag in Asia Minor, Arabia and on the agaen islands prove technologies to produce silver from lead ore; knowledges people had been acquainted with since at least 4.000 year B.C. Since the antiquity silver had been used to make finery and ornaments, however, most of this metal was used to stamp coins. The monetary system of many countries was based on silver; the one, who owned silver, was able to finance wars. One of the main pillars of power of Athens, Rome, the Phenicians, the church, the kings and queens of Castilia, the Austrian house of Habsburg and, last not least, of the Americans had been their control over the richest silver mines and the wars, which they made by paying their soldiery with silver coins.
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Bei der Ra­man-Spek­troskopie wird die zu un­ter­suchende Probe mit monochro­ma­tischem Licht (üblicher­weise ein­er leis­tungss­tarken Laserquelle) be­s­trahlt. Das Spek­trum des an der Probe gestreuten Lichts wird gemessen. Ein sehr klein­er Teil des zurück­ges­trahl­ten Lichts weist Fre­quen­zun­ter­schiede zum einge ... moreBei der Raman-Spektroskopie wird die zu untersuchende Probe mit monochromatischem Licht (üblicherweise einer leistungsstarken Laserquelle) bestrahlt. Das Spektrum des an der Probe gestreuten Lichts wird gemessen. Ein sehr kleiner Teil des zurückgestrahlten Lichts weist Frequenzunterschiede zum eingestrahlten Licht auf (Raman-Shift). Diese entsprechen den für das Material charakteristischen Energien von Rotations-, Schwingungs-, Phonon- oder Spinflip-Prozessen. Der Raman-Effekt kann weitgehend symmetrisch im längerwelligen (Stokes-Seite) oder kürzerwelligen (Anti-Stokes-Seite) Bereich beobachtet werden. Vielfach wird nur ein Bereich (die Stokes Seite, also längerwellig) gemessen um den apperativen Aufbau in Grenzen zu halten...
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... Von den weltweit weni­gen Fun­dorten (darun­ter Brasilien, Sri Lan­ka und Zim­bab­we) sind die rus­sischen Alexan­drite die hoch­w­ertig­sten, da sie im Ge­gen­satz zu den meist weniger kräftig ge­färbten Stei­nen aus den an­deren Län­dern ihre Farbe von einem in­ten­siv­en smaragd­grün zu einem tie­fen pur­pur­rot wec ... more... Von den weltweit wenigen Fundorten (darunter Brasilien, Sri Lanka und Zimbabwe) sind die russischen Alexandrite die hochwertigsten, da sie im Gegensatz zu den meist weniger kräftig gefärbten Steinen aus den anderen Ländern ihre Farbe von einem intensiven smaragdgrün zu einem tiefen purpurrot wechseln. Die Originalfundstelle im Ural war nach mehreren Jahrzehnten Abbau erschöpft und nur wenige dieser berühmten Alexandrite tauchen ab und zu auf dem Markt auf. Neuere Funde stammen aus Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, Tansania, Tasmanien, Indien und Myanmar (Burma), besitzen jedoch nicht den starken Farbwechsel der russischen Alexandrite. Im Jahr 1987 entdeckte man in Hematita (Minas Gerais) in Brasilien Alexandrite, welche nahe an die Qualität der historischen russischen Steine herankommen und einen attraktiven ... Ein Beitrag von Peter Seroka
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